Lab Exam 2 Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to cell division, respiration, genetics, and metabolic processes from the lab review notes.

Telophase

The final stage of cell division where the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense.

Cytokinesis

The process where the cell membrane pinches in and separates the daughter cells after mitosis.

Anaerobic Respiration

A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of ethanol and CO2 as byproducts.

Glycolysis

The initial metabolic pathway of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and generates ATP.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A series of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane that facilitate the transfer of electrons during aerobic respiration.

Operon

A cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, found in prokaryotic cells.

Inducible Operon

An operon that is activated in the presence of an inducer, allowing for gene transcription.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of a single trait.

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits.

Allele

An alternate form of a gene that can result in different traits.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles.

Cleavage Furrow

The indentation that begins the process of cytokinesis in animal cells.

Cell Plate

The structure that divides plant cells during cytokinesis.

Capillary Electrophoresis

A technique used for separating DNA or proteins based on their size and charge.

NAD+

A coenzyme that carries electrons during metabolic reactions, crucial for glycolysis.