17C: Crises of (Social) Citizenship, Civil Rights Victories, and the 1960s

Vocabulary flashcards covering social citizenship concepts, Kennedy-era foreign policy, the Cuban Missile Crisis, student activism, and key milestones of the Civil Rights movement as presented in the lecture notes.

T.H. Marshall

The British sociologist who conceptualized democratic citizenship as evolving through stages leading to social citizenship.

Social citizenship

A concept described by Muncy as the final stage of democratic citizenship, promising every member basic economic security and access to material and cultural resources.

Recession of 1957-58

The worst economic downturn since the $1930s$, which devastated coal mining regions and weakened labor unions through new technology and automation.

Peace Corps

An organization created by JFK to improve the U.S. image abroad by sending citizens to join a worldwide struggle against poverty, disease, and ignorance.

Space Race

A competition ignited when the USSR launched the first human into space, prompting JFK to pledge a moon landing by the end of the $1960s$.

1959 Cuban Revolution

A rebellion led by Fidel Castro that ousted Fulgencio Batista and began the nationalization of land, $75\,\%$ of which was owned by non-Cuban U.S. citizens.

Bay of Pigs invasion (1961)

A failed military action against Cuba that served as a prelude to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Berlin Wall (1961)

A barrier constructed to stop emigrants from fleeing East Germany, which was allied with the USSR, to West Germany.

Cuban Missile Crisis Blockade

An action imposed by the U.S. in October $1962$ after spy planes discovered the USSR installing nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

A movement that emerged from the student wing of the League for Industrial Democracy in $1960$, seeking democratic alternatives and social experimentation.

Port Huron Statement (June, 1962)

The founding document of SDS that opposed the depersonalization of human beings and advocated for industrial democracy.

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

A $1963$ demonstration organized by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin to unite economic and voting rights demands.

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Legislation signed on July $2$, $1964$, that prohibited discrimination in employment, hospitals, schools, and public accommodations.

Title VII

The specific section of the Civil Rights Act of $1964$ that makes it unlawful for an employer to discriminate based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Freedom Summer

A $1964$ project in Mississippi where thousands of volunteers conducted voter registration and education despite massive repression.

COFO

A coalition of civil rights groups including SNCC, CORE, and the NAACP that organized Freedom Summer.

James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner

Three civil rights workers who were found killed in June $1964$ during the Freedom Summer campaign in Mississippi.

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

The organization led by figures like Fannie Lou Hamer that challenged the official Mississippi delegation at the Democratic Conference in Atlantic City.