bio 212 | ch. 20: algae & algal life cycles

Which group of algae appears to be most closely related to the ancestors of true plants? Which features appear to be homologous?

If after cell division the cells adhere to each other loosely, the resulting structure is a ___________________, not an individual organism

colony

In colonies, are there many types of different cells or are all cells more or less similar to each other?

Describe monobiontic and dibiontic life cycles. Be careful to mention all possible types.

What is the difference between a spore and a gamete?

What is the difference between a spore and a zygote?

What is an alternation of isomorphic generations?

What is an alternation of heteromorphic generations?

Do flowering plants have an alternation of isomorphic or heteromorphic generations?

Volvox is a green alga that you might see in a biology or botany lab. Is it filamentous or membranous or colonial? What is its shape?

Spirogyra is another green alga you might see in a biology or botany lab. What is unusual about it? What gives it its name?

Chara is an unusual alga. What type of cell division do members of Charophyceae undergo—division with a phycoplast or phragmoplast? What is important about their flagella? Do true plants (especially those with xylem and phloem) have flagella?

Red algae are unusual in many ways, but an especially significant trait is the types of accessory pigments in their chloroplasts. What pigments do they have?

Red algae are aggregated into a body called a ___________________.

Under ideal conditions, dinoflagellates can reproduce so rapidly that they actually give seawater a distinct color. What is this phenomenon called? Is it safe for fish and humans?

The diploid phase in the life cycle of the marine green alga Ulva, also called sea lettuce, consists of sheets of cells. The sporophyte contains specialized structures that produce spores. The haploid phase also consists of sheets of cells with either sperm- or egg-producing structures. The haploid and diploid phases are nearly identical in appearance. This life cycle is:

Pneumatocysts occur in:

All dinoflagellates lack:

Algae whose cytokinesis in most similar to your own cells are algae that produce:

You have discovered a new organism. Which would be the most important characteristic causing you to classify it in kingdom Protista rather than kingdom Plantae?

T of F: Morphological features such as eyespots allow motile cells to respond to external stimuli, such as light or chemical gradients

T or F: Red algae lack plasmodesmata but possess distinctive pit connections whose function is unknown.

T or F: Most brown algae are multicellular, but a few are unicellular

Mitochondria first arose in early eukaryote cells that engulfed but did not digest a bacterium capable of aerobic respiration in a mutually beneficial process known as ____________________________.

The diatoms and a group of golden brown algae known as ____________________________ create relatively inert, calcium-rich scales or frustules whose deposition is used to reconstruct surface climates.

endosymbiosis

embryophytes

heteromorphic generations

dibiontic

monobiontic

gametophyte (haploid phase)

sporophyte (diploid phase)

alternation of isomorphic generations

alternation of heteromorphic generations

green algae life cycle (monobiontic)

green algae life cycle (dibiontic)

isogamous

anisogamy

oogamy

gametangia

sporangia

conjugation

phycoplast

charophytes

life cycle of Ulva (green algae)

Floridian starch

agar

pit connections

red algae life cycle

laminarin

alginic acid

receptacles

conceptacles

Fucus life cycle (brown algae)

diatoms

frustules

diatomaceous earth

red tide

euglenoids

paramylon

dinoflagellates

diatoms

brown algae

red algae

green algae