unit 3 higher biology ka2

Main use of plant and animal breeding

Plant and animal breeding is used to improve characteristics and support sustainable food production

What are said desirable characteristics

Breeders aim to develop crops with higher food yield, enhanced nutritional value and increased pest and disease resistance

What type of environments are plant field trials put in

Various environments

State things to take into account when doing plant field trials

• Randomisation - to eliminate bias

• Selection of treatments - to ensure valid comparisons

Use of replicates - ensure variety and reliability of results

What is inbreeding

This involves breeding related individuals over several generations to concentrate specific characteristics.

What are the negatives of inbreeding

Can lead to inbreeding depression which is an increase in homozygous, recessive, deleterious alleles which negatively impacts their ability to survive and reproduce

What is cross breeding

Breeding non related individuals.

What are the positives of cross breeding

This introduces new alleles and can lead to improved characteristics

• What happens when you cross 2 different inbred lines

The F1 Hybrid generation have increased vigour, higher yields,better disease resistance and faster growth rates

What do GM crops represent

Crop plants that are genetically modified using recombinant DNA technology

What does genome sequencing allow

Organisms with desirable genes to be identified and used in breeding programs