Science

Atp

Adeninie triphosphate energy source produced during

heterotroph

Organisms that cannot use the sun’s energy directly obtain energy from foods they consume.

Autotroph

A Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use
Light energy from the sun to produce food

Photosynthesis

uses the energy from sunlight to convert
Water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy
Sugars. Takes place in chloroplast. Product glucose and oxygen. Reactants carbon dioxide and water

Pigment

A Sunlight is captured by plants by using pigments, or light
Absorbing molecules

Chlorophyll

The primary pigment in plants is chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Thylakoid

Inside the chloroplast are photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids

Stroma

The Light Dependent Reactions take place in the thylakoids while the Light Independent Reactions, or the Calvin Cycle, take place in the stroma, the region outside the thylakoids.

Light dependent reactions

In the Light Dependent Reactions, pigments absorb sunlight (energy source) in order to make the energy carriers NADPH and ATP

Light independent reaction

The Light Dependent Reactions take place in the thylakoids while the Light Independent Reactions, or the Calvin Cycle, take place in the stroma, the region outside the thylakoids.

Photosynthesis

uses the energy from sunlight to convert
Water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy
Sugars.

Electron transport chain

uses the high energy electrons from the
Krebs cycle and glycolysis to convert ADP into ATP

Calvin cycle

uses ATP and NADPH from light
Dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars using
Carbon dioxide

Cellular respiration

process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Takes place in cytoplasm and mitochondria. Products water and carbon dioxide reactants oxygen and glucose

Aerobic

process that requires oxygen

Anaerobic

Two types of fermentation:
a) Alcohol Fermentation:
b) Pyruvic acid + NADH ------- alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
c) Used in yeast to bake bread and ferment alcohol

glycolysis

process by which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.

krebs cycle

pyruvic acid (sugar from breakdown of glucose) is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

Matrix

ground, non-living, medium or substance of the tissue that occupies the vacant spaces between the cells.

Fermentation

releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

Equations for photosynthesis

6co2+6H2O—>light—>c6h12o6+6o2

Equations for cellular respiration

C6h12o6+6o2–>6co2+6H2O