Module 1 Introducing Operating Systems

Platform

A group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes or technologies are developed

platform, computer, operating system

In personal computing, a ____ is the basic hardware (_____) and software (_______) on which software applications can be run

1. Hardware

2. Software

3. Peopleware

4. Dataware

Computer System Components:

Hardware (machines/devices), internal, external

The physical component of the computer. This provides the basic system resources. Classified as ____ and _____ devices

Software (programs)

logical component

System Software

Refers to the operating system and all utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level. It includes language processors like compilers, interpreters, linkers and debuggers.

Application Software

A program or group of programs designed for end-users like Word processing, Graphics, Spreadsheets, Databases, Games.

Peopleware, Dataware

_____ - users
______ - data/procedures

System Software, Application Software

Software has two types: ______ and ______

system software

OS is a ______

Operating System

The core software on the computer that sits on top of hardware, between application software and the hardware

Operating System

The software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.

operating system

The communication between a user and a system takes place with the help of an _____

Windows, Linux, Android

_____, _____, and _____ are examples of operating systems that enable the user to use programs like MS Office, Notepad, and games on the computer or mobile phone

Disk Operating System

DOS stands for ______

Microsoft Inc., Command Line Interface (CLI)

MS DOS was developed by _____ and uses _______

MS DOS

It does not support multiple users and multitasking

MS-DOS 1.25 (August 1982) , MS-DOS 6.22 (June 1994)

MS DOS

• First version: _______

• Latest version: ________

Microsoft Inc., Graphical User Interface (GUI)

MS Windows was produced by ______ and uses _______

MS Windows

Support multitasking and multiuser

Windows 1.0 (November 20, 1985), Windows 11 (October 5, 2021)

MS Windows

• First version: ______

• Latest version: ________

Mac OS

The official name of the Macintosh operating system

Mac OS

Created by Apple Inc

Mac OS 1 (January 24, 1984), Mac OS 14 Sonoma (2023)

Mac OS

• First version: _______

• Latest version: _______

Linux

A freely distributable open source operating system from Linus that runs on a number of hardware platforms

Linux

____ has become an extremely popular alternative to proprietary operating systems

Linux 0.02 (September 1991), Linux Mint 21.3 Virginia (January 12, 2024)

Linux

• First version: _________

• Latest version: ________

Android

_____ is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets

Open Handset Alliance, Google

Android is developed by the ______ led by _____, and other companies

Android 1.0 (September 23, 2008), Android 14.0 (October 4, 2023)

Android

• First version: ______

• Latest version: ______

IOS

It was developed from Mac OS X and debuted with the first iphone

iOS 1 ( June 29, 2007), iOS 18 (June 10, 2024)

iOS

• First version: _____

• Latest version: ______

General Motors Research Lab, 1950s, IBM 701

The _______implemented the first OS in the early ____ for their ______ to manage tape storage

1956, GM-NAA I/O, IBM 704

The first operating system used for real work was first developed in ____ is ______ for its _____

disks

In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use ____

Unix OS

In the late 1960s, the first version of the ____ was developed

DOS, 1981, 86-DOS (1980)

The first OS built by Microsoft was ___. It was built in ____ (PC- DOS) by purchasing the _____ software from a Seattle company

1985

The present-day popular Windows first came to existence in ____ when a GUI was created and paired with MS-DOS

1995, Windows 95

The first OS Windows was first introduces in ____ named as ______

batched

Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed up the same process, a job with a similar type of needs are _____ together and run as a group

batch operating system

The user of a ______ never directly interacts with the computer. In this type of OS, every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch card and submit it to the computer operator.

Time-sharing operating system, time sharing.

______ enables people located at a different terminal(shell) to use a single computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared among multiple users is termed as _____

Multiprocessing OS

This OS is capable of running many programs simultaneously, and most modern network operating systems (NOSs) support ______

real time operating system

A ______ time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small. It is intended to serve real-time. Examples of real -time systems include Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems, Traffic control systems, etc

Distributed systems

_______ use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast computation to its users.

Network Operating System

______ runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data, user, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.

Mobile operating systems

______ are those OS which are especially designed to power smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices

• Memory Manager

• Processor Manager

• Device Manager

• File Manager

four (4) essential Subsystem Managers

Network Manager

Fifth essential manager; In all modern operating systems, assumes responsibility for networking tasks. Convenient way for users to share resources

Manager tasks

Enforce policies determining who gets what, when, and how much

Main Memory Management

In charge of main memory

Processor Management

In charge of allocating Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Processor Management

Tracks process status - An instance of program execution

Job scheduler, Process scheduler

______ - Handle jobs as they enter the system
______ - Manage each process within those jobs

Device Management

In charge of monitoring all resources. Devices, channels, and control units

File Management

In charge of tracking every file in the system. Data files, program files, compilers, application programs

RAM

Temporary storage of data/instruction for execution

Main memory, Secondary storage

RAM - ______
Harddrives, SSDs, Flashdrives - ______

CPU

Controls interpretation and execution of instructions. Controls operations of computer system

Kernel (operating system nucleus)

Resides in memory at all times, performs essential tasks, and protected by hardware