Sociology DE Exam 3

Which of the following states was a “majority minority” state in 2014?

Texas

Adolf Hitler believed in the superiority of the Aryan race. This is an example of

racism

A member of which racial or ethnic group is most likely to live in poverty in the United States?

African American

Which of the following statements is true regarding race?

People arbitrarily select physical characteristics to define racial categories

The civil rights movement is an example of

resistance

Why do many people dislike being labeled as “Hispanic”?

It lumps them in a category with too many other cultures

When did the earliest Arab immigrants being arriving in the United States?

in the 1880s

What is the purpose of studies on “whiteness”?

to show that white privilege exists today

What is the origin of the term Caucasian

a combination of religion and folk belief

Darker skin inhibits the skin’s ability to produce _____ from sunlight

vitamin D

Karin Martin found that ___ help children develop a gendered identity by altering how they relate to their own bodies

preschools

The sociological study of masculinities demonstrates that

there are multiple ways for males to be masculine

The glass ceiling limits women’s movement into higher levels of leadership and management at work as a result of _____

individual and institutional sexism

Individuals who have surgery to change the sexual characteristics of their bodies are called

transsexual people

Which of the following is shaped by gender roles?

All of these answers are correct

What are incest taboos?

social rules that limit sexual activity between relatives

What is sexism?

the belief that one sex is better than the other

When does gender socialization start?

when babies are designated as male or female

Unwelcomed sexual advances and unwanted verbal or physical contact that is sexual is called

sexual harassment

Which term refers to individuals who are born with a sex that cannot be clearly defined based on biological criteria?

intersexual people

Kinship is traced over multiple generations through?

descent

What is the current status of same-sex marriage in the United States?

Same-sex marriage was legalized by the Supreme Court in 2015

Which racial/ethnic is LEAST likely to raise children in a one-parent household?

Asians

Which of the following statements regarding religion on a global level is true?

About 16 percent of the world’s population is nonreligious

Why do some see it as a positive that religion is viewed by many as a commodity?

It offers people choices that best fit their needs

Why believed that religion served to create a meaningful reality in which to live?

Peter Berger

Why do sociologist study religion?

to understand the role it plays in social life

The ethnic of reciprocity is also known as

the “golden rule”

Which group is most likely to still be living with their parents?

those who are younger

Why was marriage separation a difficult option during the 1950s?

All of these answers are correct

What did WASPs, who settled the east coast of the United States, typically believe in?

racial superiority

A group of people who share traditions, language, and customs, this is known as a(n)

ethnicity.

In Guyana, in South America, there are primarily two ethnic groups and a few smaller groups. For most of the people who live there, their ancestors came from either India or Africa. Those whose ancestors come from India make up a larger share of the population than any other racial or ethnic group. The people who are of East Indian descent are often the farmers, small business owners, and teachers. The people of African descent are more likely to control the police force and hold the political and governmental positions of power and privilege. Guyana has a history of problems with race relations between the Africans and East Indians. How were the people of East Indian descent likely to be classified?

as a minority group

Why is Switzerland considered a pluralistic society?

Though it has multiple cultures, they all enjoy equal social standing and coexist on equal terms.

In examining the portrayal of black women in the media, it is not uncommon for those who appear to have lighter skin as well as straightened hair to be perceived as "the norm" and what is desirable. Straightening one's hair goes back to the time after slavery when black women were inundated with the message that straight hair was more socially acceptable. The practice of hair straightening is still common among black women today. How are these women responding to majority domination in this example?

by passing

The media tend to show ________ forms of masculinity and femininity.

stereotypical

The biological distinction between males and females is called

sex.

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship sociologists see between sex and gender?

Some sex differences may be the product of differences in gender socialization.

Taking hormones that promote secondary sex characteristics is a part of the process to become

transsexual

What is the definition of gender identity?

how individuals self-identify as being a man or a woman

When Jewish boys and girls are thirteen years old, they are considered to be "coming of age." The age of thirteen was chosen because it roughly coincides with physical puberty. Prior to the age of thirteen, parents are responsible for their children following Jewish law and tradition. After this age, the child is responsible. Boys celebrate a bar mitzvah and girls celebrate a bat mitzvah. This involves being called to read the Torah. In Emile Durkheim's view, what do the bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah represent?

a ritual

In 2010, Haiti experienced an earthquake in which millions of people were affected. They faced a great deal of devastation. Many children were left homeless. Haiti relied on a number of humanitarian organizations to come to their aid. Many churches in the United States collected money, clothes, and other items to send to Haiti. Some members of church groups traveled to Haiti and spent time there to help in whatever way that they were needed. Which function of religion is represented in this example?

motivating social action

Ultimately, how is "family" defined?

culturally

In India, marriages are traditionally arranged by family members. Often, among more traditional families, the prospective spouses rarely meet prior to their wedding date. The families are very concerned that their sons and daughters marry within their appropriate caste. In the United States, arranged marriages are rare. While many people do marry within their own social class, it is not frowned upon if they do not, though some wealthy families may be an exception. What would explain the difference in marriage patterns between India and the United States?

India requires endogamy, while the United States permits exogamy.

The Nyinba people of Nepal have a unique culture. When a woman marries a man, she marries all his brothers, too. The brothers all have equal sexual access to the wife, and the entire family cares for the children, although the family may recognize an individual brother as the specific father of a given child. The advantage of such an arrangement is that the wealth and resources of all the brothers can be contained in one family. It also concentrates their parents' land and wealth into a single family unit as well. Which form of marriage is represented by the Nyinba people?

polyandry

Socialization

The lifelong process through which individuals learn the values, norms, anf customs of their society

Culture

Shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and material objects (clothing, tools) that define a group’s way of life.

Social Structure

The organized patterns of relationships and institutions that compose society

Social Stratification

The ranking of people into hierarchical layers based on income, education, or status.

Norms and Values

Norms are unwritten rules of behavior; values are shared ideas about what is good or desirable.

Social Institutions

Established sets of norms and subsystems that support society’s survival, such as the family, government, and education.

Deviance

Behavior that violates recognized social norms.

Power and Inequality

How resources and social power are unequally distributed among groups

Social Roles and Status

The expected behaviors (roles) and positions (status) a person hold in social life.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of people and societies worldwide.

Structural Functionalism

Emile Durkheim; Society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Conflict Theory

Karl Marx; Society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources.

Symbolic Interactionism

George Herbert Mead; Society is composed of the everyday interactions of individuals.

Micro Level

This level focuses on the smallest levels of interaction, studying how individual experiences and face-to-face interactions shape social life.

Meso Level

This intermediate level examines the interactions and experiences of organizations, communities, or groups within a society.

Macro Level

This level examines the "big picture" of society, looking at widespread social processes, systems, and structures.