Object-Oriented Programming I

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, principles, history, and basic syntax of Object-Oriented Programming in C++ and Java.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects rather than functions or logic.

Object

An instance of a class that contains data (attributes) and methods (functions) defining its behavior.

Class

A blueprint for creating objects that defines their structure and behavior.

Attributes

Variables that belong to a class or an object and hold the state or data of the object.

Methods

Functions defined inside a class that describe the behaviors of an object.

Encapsulation

The concept of bundling data and methods into a single unit (class) while restricting access to internal details.

Inheritance

A principle where a child class acquires the properties and methods of a parent class to promote reusability.

Polymorphism

A principle allowing objects to take on multiple forms, enabling the same operation to behave differently depending on the object.

Abstraction

The process of hiding implementation details and exposing only the essential features of an object.

Modularity

An advantage of OOP where code is organized into classes, making it easier to manage and modify.

Simula ($1967$)

The first object-oriented language, which laid the groundwork by encapsulating data and functions into objects.

Smalltalk ($1972$)

A language that fully embraced OOP, making objects core building blocks and introducing inheritance and polymorphism.

C++ ($1983$)

Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of C, merging procedural efficiency with OOP features like classes.

Java ($1995$)

A platform-independent language developed by Sun Microsystems with the slogan "Write Once, Run Anywhere."

Python ($1991$)

A language renowned for simplicity and versatility that incorporated OOP early in its development.

C# ($2000$)

Created by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative and influenced by the Java language.

Statements

Programming instructions in a list to be executed by a computer; in C++, they must end with a semicolon.

cout

A C++ object used with the insertion operator $<<$ to output values or print text to the screen.

$$\backslash n$$

A character used in C++ to insert a new line; two used consecutively create a blank line.

endl

A C++ manipulator used to insert a new line as an alternative to $\backslash n$.

Single-line comments

Text ignored by the compiler that starts with $//$ in both C++ and Java.

Multi-line comments

Comments that start with /\* and end with \*/, allowing for explanations over multiple lines.

System.out.print()

A Java method that outputs text without inserting a new line at the end.

System.out.println()

A Java method used to print text or numbers and automatically insert a new line at the end.