Erikson's Psychosocial Theory-Identity Devlopment-Human Development

Core Idea

• Personality develops through 8 stages from infancy —> adulthood.

• Each stage has a psychosocial crisis:

—> Conflict between individual needs (psycho) and society (social).

• Outcomes:

• —> When successful, it leads to a healthy personality and basic virtue.

—>When fail, it creates a weaker sense of self, but it can be resolved later.

Basic Virtues

Strengths that help resolve future crises.

• Help resolve future conflict.

Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1.5 years) -Stages of Development

• Consistent care —> trust, security, and stability.

• Inconsistent care —→ fear, anxiety, and mistrust

• Virtue: Hope

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1.5-3 years) -Stages of Development

• Focus on independence and control

Ex. choosing clothes, walking, and picking which toy to play with.

• If parents criticized/ controlled —> shame, low self- esteem

• Encouraged —> increase of independence and confidence

• Goal: Self-control without losing self-esteem.

• Virtue: Will

Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years) -Stages of Development

• Kids begin leading play, asking questions, and making their own decisions. —> this can lead to having authenticity.

• Over-controlled —> guilt, and reduced creativity

• Encouraged—> leadership and initiative.

• Which is very important to balance between initiative and guilt—> self-control.

Virtue: Purpose

Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12 years) -Stages of Development

• tend to focus on school, skills, and their achievements.

—>which teachers play an important role during his time.

• peer group becomes important since it plays a huge role in their self-esteem.

—>They feel the need for approval that is valued in society and start having pride.

• Encouraged —> confidence, and pride

• Over-controlled —> inferiority and self-doubt

• We still want to balance because we can’t have too much pride or self-doubt.

Virtue: Competence

Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years) -Stages of Development

• Teens explore values, beliefs, and goals.

Goal: Develop a stable identity

Diffusion-Identity Statuses- 12-18 years -Stages of Development

No exploration, and no commitment

Moratorium-Identity Statuses- 12-18 years -Stages of Development

Exploring, and no commitment yet.

Foreclosure-Identity Statuses-12-18 years -Stages of Development

Commitment without exploration

Achievement-Identity Statuses- 12-18 years -Stages of Development

Exploration + commitment (healthiest)

Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40 years) -Stages of Development

• They tend to focus on having close relationships with other people, other than their family members.

• Intimacy —> Strong, meaningful relationships.

• Avoidance —> loneliness, isolation

Virtue: love

Generatively vs. Stagnation (40-65 years) -Stages of Development

• Focus on contributing.

• Ex. Mentoring, parenting, and creating meaningful impact.

• Generatively —> purpose and productivity

• Stagnation —> feeling unproductive and disconnected.

Virtue: Care

Ego Integrity vs. Dispair (65+ years) -Stages of Development

• Reflecting on life.

• Integrity —>satisfaction and acceptance of life.

• Despair —> regret, bitterness, and depression

• Healthy aging = balance of both reflection and acceptance.

Virtue: Windsom