Biology Semester 2 Final
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34 Terms
Photosynthesis
A process completed by plants in which carbon dioxide, sunlight and water is turned into glucose and oxygen
Glucose
An output of photosynthesis, a reactant of cellular respiration
Carbon Dioxide
A gas made in cellular respiration, a reactant in photosynthesis
Oxygen
A product of photosynthesis, a reactant for cellular respiration
Reactants
The chemical properties needed in order for a specific chemical reaction to occur
Products
The outcome of a chemical reaction
Cellular Respiration
A process completed by animals (and some plants) using oxygen and glucose to make ATP, carbon dioxide and water
ATP
The “energy” used in the human cell
Aerobic
A form of cellular respiration using oxygen
Anaerobic
A form of cellular respiration without using oxygen
Atmosphere
The space separating Earth from Space (made of lots of gasses and protected by the ozone layer)
Consumer
A creature who eats another thing or a product of another creature
Producer
A creature that can make their own food for themselves (is usually plants)
Decomposer
A creature who obtains sustenance through dead things
Combustion
The process of something catching on fire
Protein Synthesis
The process using DNA instructions to create proteins
DNA
Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The instructions for all living life
Mutation
An unpredictable change in genetic material
RNA
Stands for ribonucleic acid. There are three types of RNA used in protein synthesis; tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
Ribosome
The organelle that is apart of protein synthesis
Amino Acid
Chains together to form a protein
Codon
The part of rRNA that is read to code for a specific amino acidAn
Anti-codon
The pairing to the codon for tRNA to choice the correct amino acid
Transcription
The process of copying DNA into RNA
Translation
The process of turning RNA into a protein
Trait
A genetic characteristic that can be passed down between generations
Gene
A code which can cause specfic traits to show
Allele
different variations of a gene
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual
Phenotype
The physical representation of ones genotype
Homozygous
someone with the same variation of an allele (AA, aa)
Heterozygous
someone with a different variation of an allele (Aa)
Dominant
A type of allele which influences the phenotype completely (if present the phenotype is the dominant trait)
Recessive
A type of allele which is only present in the phenotype is both recessive alleles are present