small intestine and large intenstine anatomy

The small intestine is divided into three regions?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

What is the small intestine highly adaptive for?

Nutrient absorption

Begins at the pyloric valve, arcs around the head of the pancreas and ends up in the duodenojejunal flexure

Duodenum

What does the duodenum do? (3)

Receive stomach, contents, pancreatic juice and bile, region for chemical digestion

Begins in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen the lies mostly within the umbilical region? It’s Wallace as thick and muscular, and it has a especially rich blood supply, which gives it a dark red color.

Jejunum

Occupies the hypogastric region and part of the pelvic cavity. It has peyers, patch, lymphatic, nodules, and clusters.

Ileum

Part where ileum joins the cecum of the large intestine?

Ileocecal junction split by ileocecal valve

What is the lumen lined with in the small intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium

Three types of internal folds or projections in the small intestine?

Circular folds (plicae circularisis), villi, microvilli (brush border)

Four regions of the large intestine?

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

Major digestive function is to absorb most of the remaining water from the indigestible fluid food residue temporarily, and then eliminate it in the form of feces?

Large intestine

Blind pouch in the lower right abdominal quadrant in interior to the ileocecal valve

Cecum

Appendix

Dense with lymphocytes (immunity)

Four parts of the colon?

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Begins at the ileocecal valve and ascends until it hits right colic (hepatic flexure)

ascending colon

Horizontal downward turn at left colic (splenic flexure)

transverse colon

Descends on left side of abdomen

Descending colon

S shaped portion of colon

Sigmoid colon

Ribbon like strips of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the colon

Tasniae coli

The muscle tone of the taeniae coli contracts, the colon lengthwise and causes its walls to bulge forming pouches called?

Haustra

Two sphincter of the anus

Infernal anus sphincter

External anus sphincter

Composed of smooth muscle of the musculars externa

Internal anal sphincter

Composed of skeletal muscle of pelvic diaphragm

External anal spinchter

What type of epithelium is there for the mucosa of the large intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium except the lower half of the anal canal

What is the epithelium in the anal canal?

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Bacterial flora

1000+ bacteria species

Where do bacterial flora enter?

Small intestine or anus to colonize the colon

Digest, cellular, pectin and other plant polysaccharide in order to absorb resulting sugars synthesize B vitamins, and vitamin K needed by liver to produce clotting factor produces intestinal gas released as FLATUS

Functions of bacterial flora