Canadian History Exam

Joseph Brant

Who: Mohawk leader and british ally. Prominent military leader

When: 1743-1807

Significance: Protected Mohawk land, key indigenous figure, and allied with the british

• Fought during seven years war and american revolutionary war

• Educated in british schools and fluent in english, also anglican

• Helped mohawk establish settlers in Grand River

National Policy

Who: John A.

When: 1879

What: Economic plan to build Canada’s economy

How: Tarrifs on imports, railway construction, westward expansion

Significance: Helped shape Canadian industrial growth + western expansion

• Introduced after economic depression of 1870s

• Canadian Pacific Railway

• Strengthened federal power

HBC

Who/what: British trade company chartered by Charles II

Where: Around Hudson’s Bay, Rupert’s land

When: 1670 onwards

How: Trading posts + partnerships with indigenous peoples

Significance: Major trade organization that controlled a lot of Canada

• Sold Rupert’s Land in 1869

The Royal Proclamation

Who: Issued by George III

What: Law organizing British territory in North America after 7 years War

When: 1763

Why: Stabilize relations with indigenous peoples, territories, territorial expansion

Significance: Foundation for treaty making

• Acknowledged Indigenous land titles

• Established British control over French colonies

Jacques Cartier

Who/What: Explorer who claimed land for France

Where: St Lawrence Region

When: Explorations 1534-42

Why: Searching for new passage to Asia

How: Sponsored by Francis I

Sig: Established first french colonies in Canada

• First European to map St Lawrence

• Kidnapped Donnacona and 9 others

Cod Fisheries

Who: European fishers from England, France and Portugal

Where: Newfoundland

When: Started late 1400s

Sig: Earliest European economic activity in Canada

• Helped motivate early European exploration

• Long distance trade networks

• Used as currency