Health Midterm Study Guide (Woodert) 2022-2023

Dangerous level of noise (Decibels)

140

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

High energy phosphagen used to move muscles

ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

difficulty paying attention

Aerobic

requires oxygen

the maximum amount of oxygen that can be delivered through the blood

Aerobic Capacity

Aerobic training zone

75-85%

Aerobic/Anaerobic threshold

85-90%

Alimentary Canal

Passageway of food through the body

Alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

Amino Acid

Building blocks of protein

Amplitude

Height of a wave

Anabolic

anything that builds up tissue

Anaerobic

without oxygen

anorexia nervosa

When a person doesn't eat enough yet still sees themselves as fat.

Anxiety

The condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

Appendicular Skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Arterioles

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

Artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Auricle

outer ear

Autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

Axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Balance

A part of skill-related fitness

Ballistic stretch

Series of gentle bouncing or bobbing motions that are not held for a long time

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting

Binge

indulging in something to excess, such as eating or drinking

Binge Eating disorder

an eating disorder in which people overeat compulsively

Bipolar Disorder

mood disorder in one experiences both manic and depressed episodes

Blood doping

inject extra red blood cells before competition to improve performance

Body composition

Ratio of fat mass and fat-free mass

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

a disorder characterized by the unrealistic perception of physical flaws

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a measure of body weight relative to height

Bronchiole

Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.

Bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

Calorie

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C

Capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

Carbohydrate (CHO)

Starch, cellulose, glucose, glycogen and other sugars

cardiorespiratory endurance

the ability of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to send fuel and oxygen to your tissues during long periods of moderate to vigorous activity

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

Choking

Food or foreign object blocks the airway or throat.

Cholesterol

A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods.

Cluster Suicide

a series of suicides that occur within a short period of time in the same peer group or community

Cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Complete Protein

contains all 9 essential amino acids

Complex Carbohydrate

A long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates.

Complimentary Proteins

two or more proteins whose amino acid assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from one are supplied by the other

Cones

Receptors for color

Conjunctiva

Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Coordination

The ability to use two or more body parts together

Cornea

The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye

Creatine Phosphate

An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.

Cycling (PED's)

taking PEDs in a cycle so the body does not get overwhelmed and so that the body can create hormones at a specific rate.

Daily Reference Value (DRV)

how much of a 2000 calorie diet a food Item takes up

Decibels

A unit of measurement of loudness

Depression

Abnormal, extreme, and lasting for a long time.

Digestion

Breaking down food

Distress

negative stress

Drowning

happens when a person suffocates in the water

Eating Disorder

a mental disorder that reveals itself through abnormal behaviors related to food

Enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Ergogenic Aid

any substance, mechanical aid, or training method that improves sport performance

Essential Amino Acid

An amino acid that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food in prefabricated form.

Essential Body Fat

Minimum amount required for health. Female 13-15%; Male 3-7%

Essential Fatty Acid

fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet because the human body cannot manufacture them

eustress

positive stress

fat

fructose

fat burn zone

50-75%

feasible

can I use my solution?

fiber

Fiber is indigestible because it helps move food through the body and makes you feel for full

FITT

frequency(number of times per week you engage in aerobic activity 3-5 days per week is recommended)

fight or flight

a reaction caused by adrenaline that prepares one to either fight the stressor or take flight and escape.

flexibility

The ability to move joints in all directions they can move. (Range of Motion)

flexiable

Can I reuse this solution?

frequency

the pitch of the sound

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Alarm reaction
Resistance
Exhaustion

gluconeogenesis

The making of glucose out of non sugars

glucose

Glycogen stored glucose in liver

glycemic index

determines how fast a food item will raise blood sugar

habit

are learned patterns of behavior

hardiness

(Challenge Control Commitment

health

related fitness- fitness level needed daily and prevent disease

heart rate

number of beats per minute

heart rate reserve

HRmax - HRrest

heat stroke

a dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool itself through perspiration

hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

hertz

Unit of frequency

high density lipoprotein

HDL

hip-to-waist ratio

waist circumference / hip circumference

homeostasis

Body in relaxed state

human growth hormone

a synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply of growth hormone is insufficient for normal development

hydrogenation

trans fat

Hydrostatic weighing

Weigh yourself in land rather than in water and blow out all your air. This works because fat is more buoyant than muscle

hyoid bone

anchors the respiratory system

Hypertension

top causes of death

hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temperature

hypothermia

the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low.

ideal body weight

The weight at which you feel strong, energetic, and able to live a healthy life.

incus

middle ear