Bone Pathology Lecture Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers bone infections, various primary bone tumors (osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma), metastatic bone disease, and developmental/metabolic bone conditions based on the laboratory slides.

Osteomyelitis

An infection that becomes established in bone, which is difficult to treat because the bone is relatively avascular.

Sequestrum

A central area of pale necrotic bone seen in established osteomyelitis.

Involucrum

An irregular area of remodeled bone that surrounds the pale necrotic sequestrum in chronic osteomyelitis, often producing marked distortion.

Osteosarcoma

A malignant bone tumor that most often occurs in young persons, typically arises in the metaphyseal region, and is characterized by neoplastic spindle cells producing pink osteoid.

Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma

A specific variant of osteosarcoma found in bone.

Osteoid

A pink substance whose production by a sarcoma is diagnostic of osteosarcoma.

Chondrosarcoma

A malignant tumor composed of lobulated glistening white to bluish-white tissue that tends to be malignant when arising in the central axial skeleton and benign in peripheral sites like the fingers.

Ewing sarcoma

A primary bone tumor that mainly occurs in the diaphysis of long bones of children and young adults, characterized by a tan to red to brown tumor mass.

Small round blue cell tumors

A category of childhood tumors to which Ewing sarcoma belongs.

PAS stain

A staining method that shows reddish granular cytoplasmic staining in Ewing sarcoma cells due to abundant glycogen.

Osteolytic metastases

Bone metastases that destroy the bone, commonly associated with renal cell carcinomas.

Osteoblastic metastases

Bone metastases that initiate new bone formation, commonly associated with prostatic adenocarcinomas.

Osteochondroma

A benign bony projection (exostosis) capped by a bluish-white cartilaginous layer, likely a localized proliferation rather than a true neoplasm.

Multiple osteochondromatosis

A rare condition marked by bone deformity and a greater propensity for the development of chondrosarcoma.

Giant cell tumor of bone

A tumor in the epiphyseal region composed of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells; it appears lytic on radiographs.

Brown tumor

A lesion resulting from hyperparathyroidism characterized by bone resorption, hemorrhage, and macrophage proliferation; the brown color is due to hemosiderin.

Osteoid osteoma

A benign lesion consisting of a central nidus of irregular reactive new bone, usually occurring in the axial skeleton of young males in their second decade.

Osteoblastoma

A large version of an osteoid osteoma that occurs in the vertebra.

Fibrous dysplasia

A non-neoplastic process where irregular woven bone proliferates in a cellular stroma but fails to develop into solid lamellar bone, leading to weakened areas.

McCune-Albright syndrome

A condition consisting of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia along with cafe-au-lait spots on the skin and endocrine system disorders.