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Consider the case where a researcher applies for promotion from a non-permanent to a permanent academic position. The following statements refer to reference letters asked to external experts to support the promotion case.

A. Reference letters should only be asked to scientists who have worked directly with the candidate in the past.

B. The applicant can suggest names of potential external reviewers and should select well known and respected scientists who are familiar with his work and who are likely to express a positive opinion.

C. The applicant can suggest names of potential external reviewers and should select among scientists from other institutions who are not familiar with his work.

D. Reference letter should contain an assessment of the candidate's proven skills as a supervisor and mentor of younger researchers.

E. Reference letters should never comment on the candidate's performance as a peer reviewer.

b, d

Which of the following behaviors are clearly unethical? Tick them.

A. You review a paper in an area in which you are active and have already published. The paper under review has no specific relation with your earlier contributions; it just happens to be in the same general area. You strongly object to publication and ask for a major revision, requiring that the authors extensively cite your previous contributions in a "related work" section.

B. One of your students helped you in implementing a simulation, whose results will appear in the experimental section of your paper. He is not listed as a co-author, but you decide to explicitly mention her in an acknowledgements section.

C. A visiting researcher in your department gives a seminar on her on-going work and mentions a conjecture. She believes that a mathematical proof exists for it, but has not properly demonstrated it. You come out with a proof and submit a paper without citing her idea.

D. To maximize probability of acceptance, you submit the same paper in parallel to two conferences.

E. One of your junior colleagues will soon be evaluated for promotion to a tenured position, and needs to strengthen his CV with more publications. To help him, you tell your PhD student who has done very good work to write a paper which includes also your colleague as a co-author, although he has not contributed.

-> A, C, D, E

The budget scheduled for research should be considered and in this vein, if there are limited research resources more cost efficient ways of collecting data to be considered including __________ data collection approaches. Right market research data assist companies in better connecting with their customers and attract new customers.

A. Internal

B. External

C. Automated

D. Manual

C. Automated

By investigating attitudes and behaviours using a case study approach through different points of time refers to a longitudinal case study methodology.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Children can never be participating subjects in a research.

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Choose the best search terms for the following topic: crime

A. Auto-theft statistics in Chicago

B. Serious crime in the U.S.

A. Auto-theft statistics in Chicago

Choose the best search terms for the following topic: national security

A. Visa screening policies

B. Immigration

A. Visa screening policies

Choose the best search terms for the following topic: Urban development

A. Smoking rules in public housing

B. Urban development

A. Smoking rules in public housing

Choose the best search terms for the following topic: workplace ethics

A. Office ethics

B. Paid paternity leave for new fathers

B. Paid paternity leave for new fathers

Citing sources any time you borrow words or ideas from an outside source will help you avoid trouble in American universities.

A. True

B. False

A. True

The collection of data under a _____________methodology, is an extensive process and is based on multiple sources of information including interviews, observations, documentation and audiovisual.Interview

A. Focus group

B. Case study

C. Survey

D. Experiment

B. Case study

The combination of both the ___________ and structural descriptions offer the whole essence of the experience with the phenomenon.

A. Textural

B. Natural

C. Empirical

D. Thematic

A. Textural

The combination of survey data and databases help the organisation to identify the nature and scope of different customer segments, understand the nature of the factors which influence the needs of customer groups, and reflect on best practices regarding target market decisions.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Consider the following factors one may consider when choosing to enter a PhD program. Tick the three most important.

A. Short distance from home.

B. No checks on progress made by the department.

C. Funding available for salary and travel.

D. Presence of strong researchers in the areas in which you would like to work.

E. Lively and competitive research environment.

c, d, e

Consider the following statements about case studies in research. Tick the pertinent answers.

A. A case study is a study of a legal action.

B. Threat analysis should be applied to assess internal and external validity of the conclusions drawn from a case study.

C. A case study may concern the use of a proposed new artifact or method in a given context to validate its usability in a practical setting.

D. A case study never requires threat analysis.A case study is never applied in research. It is only used as a didactic aid.

b, c

Consider the following statements about precision and recall of an algorithm. Which are correct?

A. Either precision or recall must be equal to one for an approximate algorithm to be acceptable.

B. Precision and recall are equal to one for algorithms computing exact solutions.

C. Precision is less than one for algorithms that compute false positives.

D. If we are given two approximate algorithms for the same problem, they can they differ in precision and recall.

E. Recall is less than one for algorithms that produce false negatives.

c, d, e

Consider the following statements: All beans in the bag are white. These beans are from the bag. These beans are white. Which of the following statements about inferences are correct?

A. The inference rule a ∧ b ⊢ c is a deduction and leads to a necessary conclusion.

B. The inference rule b ∧c ⊢ a is a deduction and leads to a necessary conclusion.

C. The inference rule a ∧c ⊢ b is an induction and leads to a non-necessary conclusion.

D. The inference rule b ∧c ⊢ a is an induction and leads to a non-necessary conclusion.

E. The inference rule a ∧c ⊢ b is an deduction and leads to a necessary conclusion.

a, c, d

The correct answer is quota, because quota sampling is considered as a two stage restricted judgemental sampling which is adopted extensively in street interviewing.

A. Quota

B. Snowball

C. Judgemental

D. Convenience

E. Random

B. Snowball

Creating an outline, either formal or informal, can help you organize your ideas so that you write a more logical research paper.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Critical ethnography is researchers who are politically minded people who aim to use their research to speak against ___________. Critical ethnographers may research brands and their relationships with customers. Ethnographic research can offer an accurate understanding of consumer behaviour which helps with the modelling of branding as it is socially perceived by consumers.

A. Criticality

B. Inequality

C. Similarity

D. Assessment

B. Inequality

Consider an algorithm that is supposed to find all possible occurrences in a text of person's names. (Select 02 correct answers)

A. The algorithm finds a name that is not a person's name. This is a false negative.

B. The algorithm does not find the occurrence of certain person's names. This is a false positive.

C. The algorithm may both find a name that is not a person's name and may fail to find the occurrence of certain person's names. In this case the algorithm is simply an unacceptable approximation.

D. The algorithm may find a name that is not a person's name and may fail to find the occurrence of certain person's names. In this case the algorithm can generate both false positives and false negatives.

E. The algorithm finds a name that is not a person's name. This is a false positive.

d, e

The data collected from human subjects must be anonymized prior to disclosure.

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

How can we judge whether one is fit for research? Tick the pertinent answers.

A. Ability to think out of the box.

B. Interest in independent work.

C. Persistence in achieving results.

D. Interest in a job that will make one rich.

a, c

Academic essays should have only 5 paragraphs.

A. True

B. False

B. False

According to the lecture, where is the best place to look for sources for a research paper?

A. Library databases

B. Google Scholar

C. Google

A. Library databases

According to the lecture, why should you take notes during your research?

A. So you can practice writing the research paper

B. So you can avoid writing the research paper

C. So you can organize your research

C. So you can organize your research

All of the following are important to do in your writing to make your research paper academic and effective EXCEPT which one?

A. Avoid specific examples in your writing.

B. Avoid overly emotional language in your writing.

C. Avoid slang and cliché expressions in your writing.

D. Use academic vocabulary instead of informal language.

A. Avoid specific examples in your writing.

All of the following are questions to ask when determining the reliability of a source EXCEPT which one?

A. Who wrote the source?

B. What is the date of the source?

C. What is the purpose of the source?

D. How long is the source?

E. Is the source biased?

D. How long is the source?

All researchers commence their research with an issue or _________, investigate the relevant empirical evidence and literature to identify relevant research evidence which will help in designing the qualitative questions, collect data and analyse them.

A. Data set

B. Methods

C. Solution

D. Problem

C. Solution

An annotated bibliography for a college class is always written in MLA format.

A. True

B. False

B. False

A(n) ___________ refers to the representation of the various elements of the target population. It consists of a set of guidelines in specifying the target population.

A. Population

B. Target

C. Item

D. Element

E. Sampling frame

E. Sampling frame

These are possible achievements of a junior researcher who is applying for a tenure-track position in a research-oriented academic environment. Tick the three most relevant for hiring.

A. Author of a very impactful paper, which describes a solution to an important open problem.

B. Successful applicant in a very selective research funding program.

C. Very prolific author of papers published in average-quality venues with high acceptance rate.

D. Presenter of papers in average-quality conferences.

E. Advisor of Master students in research projects

a, b, e

These are statements about networking as a PhD student. Tick the two most pertinent.

A. You should only network for social events with the other PhD students inside your department.

B. Networking is only a distraction from your main activity, which is doing research.

C. Networking allows you to establish possible research collaborations.

D. By networking, you may become known to other, more experienced researchers who may help you in the future (e.g., write reference letters for you).

E. Networking is only important when required by the funding agency supporting the research, as in the case of multi-site research programs.

c, d

These are statements about research funding. Tick the three most pertinent.

A. Successful competition in research funding programs can be vital for a researcher's progress because in most cases their appointment does not include a research funding budget.

B. Research funding is highly competitive.

C. Research is a purely intellectual activity. Funding may be needed only to cover a researcher's salary, if no other institution covers it.

D. Research funding is only needed to support acquisition of expensive research equipment.

E. Success in competitive research funding programs is an important achievement, which counts in a researcher's evaluation for hiring or promotion

a, b, e

Argument essays should have at least how many reasons to support the argument?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 0

D. 3

D. 3

Audit services focus on the verification of product movement by investigating physical records or performing inventory analysis. Such data are used to measure sales and assess market share and track the performance of new products or services.

A.True

B.False

A.True

Deduction vs. induction. Tick the correct statements:

A. In deductive inference, the consequences of true premises must be further validated by experiments beforethey can be accepted as a truth.

B. Modus ponens is a typical deductive inference rule.

C. In deductive inference, the consequences are guaranteed to be true if premises are true.

D. Deductive inferences can be used to generate predictions from a given theory.

E. Inductive inferences always lead to necessary conclusions.

b, c, d

The design of a qualitative study commences with broad ___________ regarding the qualitative ___________ and the theoretical lens which shape and direct the study.

A. Assumptions. Inquiry

B. Inspirations. Assumptions

C. Dreams. Assumptions

D. Details. Structure

A. Assumptions. Inquiry

The development of a ________ scale commences with a concept that should be rated, such as the image of a brand or the quality of a service. The market researcher chooses opposite pairs of words or phrases (for instance, reliable (1) to unreliable (7)), which could be used to capture the concept. As a next step, respondents rate the concept on a scale, which is usually anchored from 1 to 7.

A. Nominal

B. Semantic differential

C. Ordinal

D. Likert

B. Semantic differential

A documented essay can be written without using any sources.

A. True

B. False

B. False

A documented essay is usually an illustration or an argument essay.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Due to the ___________ nature of qualitative research, there is no agreed process in designing a qualitative research project. To this end, researchers can use certain design principles in designing their qualitative projects.

A. Unstructured

B. Numerical

C. Rigid

D. Structured

A. Unstructured

Each element of the population should be allocated to one and only one _________stratum and no population elements should be omitted.

A. Item

B. Group

C. Element

D. Stratum

D. Stratum

EasyBib always creates a correctly formatted Works Cited entry when you give it the correct information.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Which of the following statements on quantitative evaluation via bibliometrics are valid.

A. Bibliometric data are especially valuable for cross-sector comparisons. For example, to decide about allocation of funding among very different sectors (such as Mechanical Engineering or Biology) a reasonable choice might be to assess the average quality of researchers in the different sectors (e.g., averaging H-indexes) and allocate funding accordingly.

B. A strength of bibliometrics is that all sources of bibliometric data (such as Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus) provide identical values for the same item (e.g., H-index).

C. Bibliometric indicators have no bias: they are objective, undisputable, and cannot be tweaked.

D. Ultimately, bibliometric indicators are automatically computed numbers and may be used for automatic ranking. Despite minor pitfalls, they are always preferable to human judgement.

E. Bibliometric indicators can be used to inform evaluation, but should never be a substitute for personal, detailed, and rigorous judgement by experts.

-> E

_________ethnography represents an objective picture of a situation such as customer reactions towards abranded product, with the objective of reporting the information learned by research participants in the research field. Under this type of ethnography, the ethnographer narrates the study in third-person and objectively reports what has been discovered by the research participants. The researcher reports the collected information without any personal bias. The ethnographer generates the research participants point of view by using carefully edited quotations and should objectively communicate and interpret the group culture that is being analysed.

A. Internal

B. External

C. Positivist

D. Realist

D. Realist

Every research assignment you will be assigned in college will have different requirements.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Every research paper must have at least one statistic to make the essay effective.

A. True

B. False

B. False

An example of a sampling frame concerns a __________or a mailing list.

A. Customer database

B. Variable

C. Concept

D. Item

A. Customer database

Fill in the blank word.__________ interviews offer more flexibility and new ways of gathering insights. The close and personal interaction permits the interviewer to be more sensitive and open to nonverbal feedback and body language. With personal interviews, a personal point of view can be gathered without the influence of others. The interview can be conducted in any place and no certain or demanding preparations are needed.

A. Group

B. Personal

C. Quick

D. Structured

B. Personal

Fill in the blank word. Survey approaches are based upon the design and development of well _________ questionnaires. Key informants may be asked several questions with respect to their intentions, motivations, attitudes, demographic and lifestyle characteristics among others. The questions may be asked verbally in writing or through a remote device (e.g., laptop) and the responses may be collected through these ways.

A. Standardised

B. Structured

C. Arranged

D. Directed

B. Structured

Fill in the blank word. The in-depth ___________ does not have the restrictions of a group process and in this vein, new streams of ___________and questioning can be developed at any time.

A. Participants

B. Advice

C. Questionnaires

D. Interviews

D. Interviews

______________ focuses on the assignment of numbers or other symbols to attributes of objects in concert to specific pre-specified rules.

A. Assessment

B. Scaling

C. Measurement

D. Editing

E. Assessment

C. Measurement

____________focus on electronic devices which automatically record behaviour and are supplemented by a diary. Such data are used for creating media programmes on air time and developing viewer profiles.

A. Diary media panels

B. Focus groups

C. Interviews

A. Diary media panels

The following statements are about journal and conference publication. Tick the ones that are valid:

A. Conference publication has no scientific value. It is only done as a social activity. This is true for all scientific areas.

B. In certain scientific areas conferences and journals are equally selective and respected publication venues.

C. The publication process for journals normally takes longer than for conferences, and duration can be unpredictable.

D. The publication process for conferences normally takes longer than for journals, and duration can be unpredictable.

E. Journals are always more selective and prestigious venues than conferences.

b, c

For academic research, you should write complete sentences when you take notes on an article.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Gathered market research data should be integrated with other research data coming from both___and external sources to make the most of their use and to make more confident strategic decision-making

A. Internal

B. External

C. Mixed

D. Experimental

A. Internal

The general empirical approach in action research includes ____________that is demonstrated in activities such as attending, sensing, and imaging.

A. Decision

B. Understanding

C. Judgement

D. Acting

E. Experience

E. Experience

Gold vs Green Open Access: which statements are correct? Tick them.

A. A Green Open Access journal allows the author to publish a paper l and then charge for accessing the related artifacts.

B. A Green Open Access journal allows the author to publish a paper and then self-archive a copy in a freely accessible institutional or specialist online archive (e.g. arXiv), or on the personal website.

C. A Green Open Access journal allows the author to publish a paper and share it with a selected set of people who must register to get access to it.

D. Gold Open Access means that the author publishes his or her work on an Open Access journal, which makes the work immediately, publicly, and freely available to others.

E. Gold Open Access is a special label indicating the most downloaded papers from an online archive.

b, d

How do you integrate a quote well?

A. Use only the important part of the quote and blend it with my own words

.B. Introduce it with a phrase, such as "Smith says," and then use only the

C. important part of the quote.

D. Use several important sentences of a source.

A. Use only the important part of the quote and blend it with my own words

Humans participating as subjects in research must be paid.

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Human subjects can only be the subjects of research in life sciences and social sciences.

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

If you paste a link to your online source in the EasyBib website, EasyBib will always supply all of the information you need to format your Works Cited entry.

A. True

B. False

B. False

If you were using EasyBib to help you create a Works Cited entry for an electronic news source, and EasyBib gave you the results below, what additional information would you have to provide in order to create the citation?

A. Author, publisher, and publication date

B. Article title, publisher, and publication date

C. Author and publisher

D. Article title, author, and publisher

D. Article title, author, and publisher

If you were using EasyBib to help you create a Works Cited entry for a YouTube video, and EasyBib gave you the results below, what additional information would you have to provide in order to create the citation?

A. The author of the video and publication date

B. The title and author of the video

C. The title and date accessed

D. The author of the video and date accessed

A. The author of the video and publication date

In a collective case study or _________case study the issue to be investigated is selected but the researcher chooses a number of case studies to depict the issue. Such an action helps to investigate different aspects of the issue under investigation.

A. Attitudinal

B. Experimental

C. Multiple

D. Random

C. Multiple

In action research, it is essential to construct the initiative with pertinent stakeholders and to produce and gather research data regarding an ongoing system that is relevant to an objective or a need or requirement; _________with others in order to review the data which was collected.

A. Engaging

B. Speaking

C. Checking

D. Replacing

A. Engaging

In an action research project during the ___________stage the plans are implemented and interventions are made collaboratively between the researcher and the research participants.

A. Observe

B. Reflect

C. Plan

D. Pre-step

E. Act

E. Act

In a survey questionnaire, the vast majority of questions are_____responses that require therespondent to select the answer from a prearranged set of responses.

A. Fixed

B. Obscure

C. Easy

D. Obvious

A. Fixed

A ____________ include(s) a collection of different and integrated databases developed in supporting decision making and solving of problems. The data which are included can be accessed through data mining approaches.

A. Datawarehouse

B. Warehouse

C. Record

D. Research document

A. Datawarehouse

In-depth interviews can reveal hidden motivations and are considered one of the most popular data collection approaches in qualitative research.

A. True

B. False

A. True

The individual one-to-one interaction offers the interviewee the opportunity to be the focus of attention and to feel that their feelings and point of view are important and they are really important for the research project.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Industrial firms focus on data banks of industrial establishments developed through the direct inquiries of companies, clipping services and corporate reports. Such information and data can be used to assess market potential around geographic areas, define sales territories and decide on the advertising budget.

A. Customer

B. Consumer

C. Manufacturing

D. Advertising

E. Industrial

E. Industrial

In exponental ascriminative snowball sampling, the market researcher screens very carerully the Indiviauals before accepting them in the final sample.

A. True

B. False

A. True

"In exponential discriminative snowball sampling the market researcher screens very carefully the individuals before accepting them in the final sample." Is the above statemetn true or false?

A. True

B. False

A. True

Informed and uncoerced consent are required preconditions for participation of human subjects in research.

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

In phenomenology apart from the _________, alternative data collection tools can be observations, journals, reports, and music.

A. Focus groups

B. Surveys

C. Experiments

D. Observations

E. Interviews

E. Interviews

In phenomenology, the significant statements and themes are used to write a description regarding the experiences of the participants. This is called textural description.

A. Structural

B. Ethical

C. Textural

D. Psychological

E. Empirical

C. Textural

In _________ sampling the target population is initially divided to mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations.

A. Stratified

B. Cluster

C. Systematic

D. Single

E. Random

B. Cluster

In _________scale a single adjective (e.g., user friendly, high quality) is located in the centre of the scale which usually is a 10 point scale that ranges from +5 to -5. The approach is designed to operationalise the direction and the intensity of the attitudes at the same time.

A. Likert

B. Stapel

C. Ordinal

D. Nominall

B. Stapel

In single random sampling the known and equal probability is calculated as follows: Probability of selection=sample size/population size.

A. True

B. False

A. True

In structured data collection a formal research instrument is developed and the different questions are offered in a_____order.

A. Pre-arranged

B. Random

A. Pre-arranged

The intrinsic case study focuses on the case itself due to the fact that the case presents an unusual or unique situation. Such a situation may be to study a customer who is unique or evaluating a marketing programme.

A. Extrinsic

B. Multiple

C. Single

D. Intrinsic

E. Extensive

D. Intrinsic

In your research you use your students as subjects for a research experiment. Participation in the experiment is a mandatory requirement for students to pass the exam. There is nothing wrong in what you do.

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

_________ is adopted in order to make the collected data more representative of the target population regarding certain attributes.

A. Weighting

B. Fixing

C. Analysing

D. Experimenting

A. Weighting

__________is defined as the procedure of placing key informants to a continuum regarding their attitude towards a certain product or product line.

A. Measuring

B. Assessing

C. Scaling

D. Reconfiguring

C. Scaling

_________ is defined as the process of identifying constructive associations, patterns and trends emerging from accumulated amounts of collected data stored in repositories, through the adoption of pattern recognition and statistical and mathematical approaches.

A. Data mining

B. Data reading

C. Data analysis

D. Data cleaning

A. Data mining

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?For example, "Robin Thicke noticeably ripped off Marvin Gaye's 1977 hit 'Got to Give It Up' when he wrote the smash hit 'Blurred Lines' with Pharrell Williams and T.I. (Grow).

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?However, they are a "representative of a different generation, one that freely mixes and matches from the whirring flood of information across new and old media, to create something new" (Kulish).

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?It was not surprising to many people that a judge decided that Robin Thicke had "noticeably ripped off Marvin Gaye's 1977 hit 'Got to Give It Up' when he wrote the smash hit 'Blurred Lines' with Pharrell Williams and T.I." (Grow).

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?Luckily, "the controversy did not appear to be hurting book sales. On Thursday afternoon 'Axolotl Roadkill' was ninth over all among books on the German Amazon site, albeit with many nasty postings about the plagiarism controversy." (Kulish).

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?Nicholas Kulish reports that "the controversy did not appear to be hurting book sales" as it was "ninth over all among books on the German Amazon site."

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?Roger Friedman explains that Mariah Carey has been in this situation before and because the "work tapes and notebooks of writing sessions have haunted Carey in other plagiarism cases," this case does not look good for her.

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?Roger Friedman says, "Carey has several other blots on her record in the songwriting department, including lifting the music from Maurice White's famous hit by the Emotions, called "Best of My Love."

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?There have been several similar cases of plagiarism at the University of Virginia, but there has been "no consistency in the way plagiarism events are handled" at that school ("UVa Expels").

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?The University of Virginia honor code clearly states its rules and "requires students to pledge not to cheat, lie or steal, or tolerate those who do" ("UVa Expels").

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

Is the following quote well-integrated, or blended with the writer's own words?While plagiarism has always existed, the problem is that young people are "representative of a different generation, one that freely mixes and matches from the whirring flood of information across new and old media, to create something new" (Kulish).

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes

Is this expression appropriate for an academic essay?

It's a piece of cake.

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Is this phrase appropriate for an academic essay?

drunk as a skunk

A. Yes

B. No

B. No

Is this phrase appropriate for an academic essay?

in his article

A. Yes

B. No

A. Yes