Henretta's America's History 8th Edition Chapter 19 Terms

Chicago School

a school of architecture dedicated to design of buildings whose from expressed, rather than masked, their structure and function

Mutual Aid Society

an urban aid society that served members of an ethnic immigrant group, usually those from a particular province or town, societies functioned as fraternal club

Race Riot

a term for an attack on African American by white mobs, triggered political conflicts, street altercations, or rumors of crime

Tenement

a high density, cheap, five-or-six story housing unit designed for working class urban populations

Vaudeville

a professional stage show popular in the 1880s and 90s that included singing, dancing, and comedy routines, it created a form of family entertainment form of family entertainment for the urban masses that deeply influenced later forms

Ragtime

a form of music, apparently named for its "ragged rhythm" that became widely popular in the early twentieth century among audiences of all classes and races and ushered in urban dance craze

Blues

a form of american music that originated in the Deep South, especially from the black workers in the cotton fields of the Mississippi Delta

Yellow Journalism

a derogatory term for newspapers that specialized in sensational reporting

Muckrakers

a critical term, first applied by TR, for investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandals

Political Machine

a complex, hierarchal party organization such as New York's Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially with working class immigrants who had little knowledge of political

National Municipal League

a political reform organization that advised cities to elect small councils and hire professional city managers who would direct operations like corporate executive

Progressivism

a loose term for political reformers -- especially those from elite and middle classes, who worked to improve political systems, fight poverty, conserve environmental resources, and increase government involvement in economy

"City Beautiful" movement

turn of century movement that advocated landscape beautification, playgrounds, and more and better urban parks

Social Settlement

a community welfare center that investigated the plight of the urban poor, raised funds to address urgent needs, and helped neighborhood residents advocate on their own behalf

Hull House

one of the first and most famous social settlements, founded in 1889 by Jane Addams an her companion Ellen Gates Starr in an impoverished, largely Italian immigrant neighborhood

Pure Food and Drug Act

a 1906 law regulating the conditions in the food and drug industries to ensure a safe supply of food and medicine

National Consumers' League

begun in New York, a national progressive organization that encouraged women, through their shopping decisions to support fair wages and working conditions for industrial laborers

Women's Trade Union League

a labor organization for women founded in New York in 1903 that brought elite, middle-class, and working class women together as allies, support organizing efforts among garment workers

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

a devastating fire that quickly spread through the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City on March 25, 1911, that killed 146 people