💊PTCB Practice Exam Medication (35%) 💊

ARB (Class - Generic)

losartan, valsartan

Beta Blocker (Class - Generic)

metoprolol, atenolol

CCB (Class - Generic)

amlodipine, nifedipine

Statin (Class - Generic)

atorvastatin, rosuvastatin

ACE Inhibitor (Class - Generic)

lisinopril, enalapril

PPI (Class - Generic)

omeprazole, pantoprazole

Penicillin (Class - Generic)

amoxicillin, ampicillin

Macrolide/Aminoglycoside (Class - Generic)

azithromycin, gentamicin

Fluoroquinolone (Class - Generic)

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Benzodiazepine (Class - Generic)

lorazepam, alprazolam

Monoclonal Antibody (Class - Generic)

adalimumab

H2 Blocker (Class - Generic)

famotidine, ranitidine

-pril

ACE inhibitors

-sartan

ARB

-olol

Beta Blocker

-dipine

CCB

-statin

Statin

-prazole

PPI

-cillin

Penicillin

-mycin/-thromycin

Macrolide/Aminoglycoside

-floxacin

Fluoroquinolones

-zepam/-zolam

Benzodiazepines

-mab

Monoclonal Antibody

-tidine

H2 blocker

What is the generic name of Lipitor and what class is it?

Atorvastatin — Statin

What is the generic name of Zocor and what class is it?

Simvastatin — Statin

What is Prinivil/Zestril and what class is it?

Lisinopril — ACE Inhibitor

What is Norvasc and what class is it?

Amlodipine — Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB)

What is Lopressor/Toprol-XL and what class is it?

Metoprolol — Beta Blocker

What is Glucophage and what class is it?

Metformin — Biguanide

What is Prilosec and what class is it?

Omeprazole — Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

What is Protonix and what class is it?

Pantoprazole — Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

What is Amoxil and what class is it?

Amoxicillin — Penicillin Antibiotic

What is Zithromax/Z-Pack and what class is it?

Azithromycin — Macrolide Antibiotic

What is Zoloft and what class is it?

Sertraline — SSRI

What is Prozac and what class is it?

Fluoxetine — SSRI

What is Lexapro and what class is it?

Escitalopram — SSRI

What is Xanax and what class is it?

Alprazolam — Benzodiazepine

What is Ativan and what class is it?

Lorazepam — Benzodiazepine

What is Neurontin and what class is it?

Gabapentin — Anticonvulsant

What is Vicodin/Norco and what class is it?

Hydrocodone/APAP — Opioid (Schedule III)

What is OxyContin/Percocet and what class is it?

Oxycodone — Opioid (Schedule II)

What is Synthroid and what class is it?

Levothyroxine — Thyroid hormone

What is ProAir/Ventolin and what class is it?

Albuterol — Short-Acting Beta Agonist (SABA)

What is Singulair and what class is it?

Montelukast — Leukotriene receptor antagonist

What is Coumadin and what class is it?

Warfarin — Anticoagulant

What is Plavix and what class is it?

Clopidogrel — Antiplatelet

What is Lasix and what class is it?

Furosemide — Loop diuretic

What is Microzide and what class is it?

Hydrochlorothiazide — Thiazide diuretic

What is Deltasone and what class is it?

Prednisone — Corticosteroid

What is Zyrtec and what class is it?

Cetirizine — Antihistamine

What is Benadryl and what class is it?

Diphenhydramine — First-generation antihistamine

What is Advil/Motrin and what class is it?

Ibuprofen — NSAID

What is Tylenol and what class is it?

Acetaminophen — Analgesic/Antipyretic

Two SSRIs: sertraline + fluoxetine

risk of serotonin syndrome

Two NSAIDs: ibuprofen + naproxen

increased GI bleed risk

Two statins: atorvastatin + simvastatin

increased myopathy risk

Two PPIs: omeprazole + pantoprazole

no added benefit, just extra cost/risk

Two anticoagulants: warfarin + apixaban

major bleeding risk

Two benzodiazepines: alprazolam + lorazepam

over-sedation, respiratory depression

Two ACE inhibitors: lisinopril + enalapril

hypotension, kidney injury

Two beta blockers: metoprolol + atenolol

bradycardia risk

When can drug duplication be clinically acceptable?

When two similar-appearing drugs are used intentionally for different mechanisms or different therapeutic goals.

Why might a statin and fibrate be prescribed together, and what is the risk?

They target different lipids (LDL vs triglycerides), but increase risk of myopathy, so monitoring is required.

Why might a statin and fibrate be prescribed together, and what is the risk?

They target different lipids (LDL vs triglycerides), but increase risk of myopathy, so monitoring is required.

What happens when warfarin is combined with aspirin or NSAIDs?

Major increased risk of bleeding

What is the interaction between warfarin and fluconazole or amiodarone?

↑ INR → increased bleeding risk.

Why is MAOIs + SSRIs/SNRIs dangerous?

Can cause serotonin syndrome (life-threatening).

What happens when statins are combined with gemfibrozil?

Increased risk of rhabdomyolysis.

Why is ACE inhibitors + ARBs or aliskiren dangerous?

Severe hyperkalemia and kidney failure risk.

What is the interaction between digoxin and amiodarone?

Increased digoxin levels → toxicity.

Why is methotrexate + NSAIDs dangerous?

Methotrexate toxicity due to reduced clearance.

What happens when sildenafil (Viagra) is taken with nitrates?

Severe hypotension (dangerous blood pressure drop).

Why does omeprazole affect clopidogrel?

It reduces clopidogrel effectiveness.

What happens when fluoroquinolones are taken with antacids?

Decreased antibiotic absorption → reduced effect.

Why should tetracyclines not be taken with dairy or calcium?

Calcium binds drug → decreased absorption.

Why is opioids + benzodiazepines a high-risk combo?

Severe respiratory depression (black box warning).

St. John’s Wort + SSRIs

serotonin syndrome; also reduces effectiveness of many drugs (oral contraceptives, warfarin, HIV meds)

Fish Oil/Vitamin E + warfarin

increased bleeding

Ginkgo + anticoagulants

increased bleeding

Grapefruit juice + statins, CCBs, certain immunosuppressants

↑ drug levels (CYP3A4 inhibitor)

Why are beta blockers contraindicated in severe asthma/COPD?

They can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs.

In which conditions should NSAIDs be avoided?

Peptic ulcer disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and heart failure.

When should metformin be held?

If GFR <30, before iodine contrast procedures, and before surgery (risk of lactic acidosis).

Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?

They can cause fetal kidney damage.

Why should fluoroquinolones be avoided in children and used cautiously in the elderly?

Children: risk of tendon/joint damage.

Elderly: increased risk of tendon rupture and QT prolongation.

What must be monitored when a patient is on warfarin, and why?

INR must be monitored because many foods and drugs can alter its effect, increasing bleeding risk.

SQ

Subcutaneous

IM

Intramuscular

IV

Intravenous

SL

Sublingual (under tongue)

PO

By mouth

TOP

Topical

PR

Per rectum

INH

Inhalation

OS

Left eye

OD

Right eye

OU

Both eyes

AS

Left ear

AD

Right ear