ocean (copy)

71

__% of Earth's surface is covered by water.

Pacific

The largest and deepest ocean.

Oceanography

Study of the ocean.

Basins, Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, Southern

Five ocean b______: P______, At______, Ar______, I______, S______.

Sonar

Modern technology used to find ocean depths.

Shape, Height, Surface

Satellites are useful for measuring s______/h______ of ocean ______.

Continental Margins, Ocean Basin Floor, Mid-Ocean Ridge

Three major ocean regions: c______ m______, o______ b______ f______, and m______ o______-r______.

Continental Margin

Region between continent and ocean basin floor.

Atlantic, Sediment, Pacific, Subduction

The ______ Ocean has more undisturbed ______ than the ______ due to the ocean coast's ______ which removes it.

Continental Shelf

When one is standing in the ocean at the beach, they are on the ______ ______.

Slope

Boundary between continental and oceanic crust.

Deep Ocean Trench

Forms at sites of plate convergence.

Mid-Ocean Ridge

New ocean floor created here.

Arctic

Shallowest ocean.

Indian

Ocean almost entirely located in the Southern Hemisphere.

Atlantic

About half the size of the Pacific Ocean.

Arctic, Indian, Atlantic, Pacific

List the four main oceans from smallest to largest.

False

True or false; the ocean floor's topography is much less diverse than that of the continents.

Radio Waves

Satellites send ______ ______ to measure ocean surface height.

True

True or false; the continental margin of the Pacific Ocean has very little volcanic or earthquake activity.

Turbidity Currents

Occasional movements down the continental slope of dense water rich in sediment.

True

True or false; the area covered by the ocean basin floor is comparable to the percentage of land on Earth's surface that is above sea level.

Seamount

Submerged volcanic peak.

Guyot

Submerged, flat-topped peak.

Trench

Crease in the ocean floor formed where one plate plunges beneath another.

Abyssal Plain

Flat feature formed when suspended sediments settle from turbidity currents.

Salinity

The total amount of solid material dissolved in water.

3.5%

The average percent of salinity in seawater.

Parts Per Thousand

Measurements to express salinity.

35

3.5 is expressed as __ in ppt. Don't bother including fancy percentage symbol.

Chemical Weathering

Sea salt comes from the ______ ______ of rock.

Volcanoes

Ancient ______ have emitted water over the history of the earth.

Salinity

Icebergs, sea ice, runoff, and evaporation all affect ______.

Sun, Latitude

The ______ affects ocean temperature, which is in direct relation to ______.

Thermocline

A change in temp. due to change in depth.

False

True or false; waters of varying temperatures, warmer above and colder below, tend to mix.

Density

Mass per unit volume.

Increases

Salt ______ water density.

Cool, Warm

______ water is denser than ______ water.

Higher, Layering

In ______ latitude areas, there is no ocean ______.

Deep Zone

Layer that contains 80% of ocean water.

Sodium Chloride

Most of the salt in seawater.

Live, Move

Ocean organisms are classified by where they ______ and how they ______.

Plankton

Includes all algae, animals, and bacteria that drift with the ocean current.

Nekton

Includes all animals that are capable of moving independently of ocean currents.

Benthos

Describes organisms that live in or on the ocean floor.

Bottom Feeders, Nutrients

______ ______ rely on ______ falling from above water.

Sunlight, Depth, Shore

S______, D______, and ______ from shore are used to divide the ocean into distinct zones.

Photic Zone

Area where light penetrates through water.

Aphotic Zone

Area with no sunlight.

Intertidal zone.

Area where land and ocean meet.

Neritic Zone

Area above continental shelf, lots of biodiversity.

True

True or false; nutrients near the surface of the oceanic zone sink to the bottom.

Pelagic

Open ocean of any depth.

Benthic

Life on or in the seafloor.

Abyssal

Ocean floor only in deep region.

Hydrothermal, Bacteria

______ vents support an ecosystem via ______ using chemicals as food, and other organisms eat them.

Photosynthesis

Process of using light energy to convert to glucose.

Chemosynthesis

Process of creating organic molecules from inorganic nutrients.

Polar, 3

______ oceans have over __ months of darkness.

Tropical

______ oceans have low productivity due to a lack of nutrients.

Trophic Level

Stage in a food web.

2

__% of solar energy absorbed by algae is turned into food.