Public Policy and Policymaking Models

A collection of vocabulary flashcards related to public policy and policymaking models, designed to assist in exam preparation.

Policymaking Models

Frameworks to understand how policies are formulated and implemented, including: stage models, new institutionalism, economic models, and others.

Stages of Policymaking

Includes problem definition, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation.

Conventional Policy Process Model

A six-step model involving agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, evaluation, and policy change.

Systems Theory

A fluid policymaking model that emphasizes interaction and responsiveness through inputs and outputs.

Rational Choice Theory

Assumes individuals make decisions that maximize their utility, often applied in public choice and formal models.

New Institutional Theory

Focuses on the role of institutions and norms in shaping political behaviors and decision-making processes.

Historical Institutionalism

Examines how historical paths and institutional legacies affect policy decisions and maintain the status quo.

Garbage Can Model

A model of decision-making where problems, solutions, and participants exist independently and meet in a chaotic manner.

Elite Theory

Theory suggesting that a small group of elites control political agenda and resources, limiting broader participation.

Group Theory

Argues that societal progress is hindered when groups resist change, often disadvantaging lower socio-economic classes.

Agenda Setting

The process through which policy actors identify and prioritize issues for public attention and action.

Policy Formulation

Development of proposals intended to address public problems, influenced by various stakeholders.

Nondecisions

Issues that are systematically excluded from discussion within government, reflecting power dynamics.

Issue Attention Cycle

Anthony Downs' model describing the stages of public concern over issues, ranging from excitement to neglect.

Hyperpluralism

A state where too many interest groups weaken the effectiveness of government and create policy gridlock.

Key Patterns of Economic Prosperity

Contrasting trends in economic growth and decline across different social classes and regions in the U.S. context.

Zero-based budgeting

A budgeting method where all expenses must be justified for each new period, rather than based on past budgets.

Social Welfare Policy

Government mandates aimed at enhancing societal health and assisting groups in need, such as the elderly and unemployed.