orgo test! on my bday

what are organic compounds made of

carbon

What do most organic compounds contain

carbon and hydrogen

Definition of hydrocarbon

it is a compounds that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Why is carbon unique

it can catenize

Catenize definition

make very long chains

Covalent bond

when 2 atoms share 1 pair of electrons

since carbon has 4 valence electrons, it can have 4 covalent bonds

AlkANEs

hydrocarbons that contain single bonds

simplest organic molecule

Saturated

when a hydrocarbon only has single bonds

Unsaturated

A hydrocarbon has at least one double bond or triple bond

• body digests these better

Why unsaturated is better for the body

Saturated fats are harder for the body to process because their rigid, straight-chain molecular structure allows them to pack tightly together, making them solid at room temperature and more difficult for enzymes to break down. Conversely, unsaturated fats have flexible, kinked structures (double bonds) that are liquid and easier to digest. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

AlkENEs

are hydrocarbons with one double bond

• ex unsaturated

AlkYNEs

are hydrocarbons with a triple bond

• unsaturated

Cyclic (Rings)

add Cylo to the name

when the hydrocarbons are not in chains but rings

There must be at least 3 carbons

Branches/ Substitutions

‘The branches has substituted into hydrogen’s place’

methyl

CH3

Ethyl

CH3 CH2

Propyl

CH3 CH2 CH2

what is the first step for naming organic compounds

count the longest contentious chain of carbons

what are the prefix

meth-1

eth-2

prop-3

but-4

pent-5

hex-6

hept-7

oct-8

non-9

dec-10

what is the 3 rd step

match the appropirate ending

What do you do if the compound is cyclic + what is the different thing about this ones counting

Add a cyclo to the beginning of the name

you can count in either direction

If a number touches a letter we put A

dash

prefix to indicate the number of the same branch

2- di

3- tri

4-tetra

What are polymers

extremely large organic compounds made up of repeating units

ex

• nylon

• styrofoam

• teflon

isomers

have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, they can be drawn in different ways

functional groups

is a series of molecules that influences the compound's properties. Many organic compounds have one or more functional groups.