EDCR 2015 Final--Multiple Choice

T/F: Between 1890 and 1920, a number of social changes came together to create the concept of adolescence we have today.

False

T/F: Adolescents’ conceptions of adolescence influence their behavior.

True

T/F: Plato argued that childhood education should emphasize sports ans music because children’s mind are underdeveloped.

True

T/F: Aristotle was a student of Plato and is known for his description of the three 7-year period of maturation that corresponds to current views of development.

True

T/F: Jean Jacque Rousseau discovered the same three stages of maturation as Aristotle, but emphasizes the physical development during each stage.

False

T/F: While the creation of labor and compulsory education laws marked adolescence as distinct from adulthood, the invention of adolescence, as we know it, is attributed to G. Stanley Hall.

True

What are the three phases of adolescence?

Early, middle, late

What are the major developmental tasks of adolescence?

Physical, cognitive, socioemotional

A Viennese physician, credited as the father of psychoanalytic perspective. He believed that much of our behavior is driven by unconscious impulses that are outside of our awareness.

Freud

What is social learning and how might it help us understand adolescents?

People actively process information they think and feel emotion—and their thoughts and feelings influence their behavior.

T/F: Swiss scholar Jean Piaget was the first scientist to systematically examine infants’ and children’s thinking

True

T/F: Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory examines how culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through genetics.

True

Identify the six parts of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model

Macrosystem, exosystem, mesosytem, microsystem, individual

What is intersectionality?

The dynamic interrelations of demographic factors such as gender, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender, and social factors such as socioeconomic status and disabilities

T/F: The feedback loop that regulates sex hormones that drive puberty is known as hypothalamus.

False

T/F: A separate, but related hormonal process occurs prior to puberty, at about age 6 to 8, when a shift in hormones triggers adrenarche, the activation of the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys.

True

T/F: In late childhood, but about age 8 or 9 in boys and roughly 2 years later in girls, the brain signals the endocrine system to gradually increase the release of hormones that trigger the onset of puberty.

False

How do adolescents’ sleep patterns change with puberty and what are the implications of these changes?

Delayed phase preference

What are the four processes of neural development?

Neurogenesis, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, synaptogensis, myleination

What are some criticisms of formal operational reasoning?

Many researchers believe that there is much more to adult thinking than logical abstract reasoning

T/F: Working memory is not responsible for maintaining and processing information used in complex cognitive tasks.

False

T/F: The central executive determines what is important to attend to (and when to stop attending to stimuli), combines new information with information already in working memory and uses it in more efficient ways. This is known as an aspect of executive function.

True

T/F: Processing speed reaches adult levels in middle to late adolescence, as early as 15

True

What is metacognition and how does it change during adolescence?

Refers to the knowledge of how the mind works and the ability to control the mind

T/F: Intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to adapt to the world in which they live.

True

How is intelligence typically measured?

IQ tests

T/F: Socioeconomical status is not an important contextual factor associated with intelligence scores.

False

T/F: The imaginary audience is experienced as self-consciousness, feeling as if all eyes are on them. Adolescents’ preoccupation with themselves also leads them to believe that they are special, unique, and invulnerable—a belief known as personal fable.

True

What are the 8 types of Gardner’s multiple intelligences?

Verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist

T/F: The Big Five personality factors are thought to reflect inherited predispositions that persist throughout life, and a growing body of evidence supports their genetic origins.

True

T/F: Self-esteem tends to decline in early adolescence, at about 11 years of age, reaching its lowest point at about 13 years of age, then rises.

True

T/F: The four identity status’ are identity achievement, moratorium, identity foreclosure, and identity difficulty.

False