BIOL 1104 Lab Exam 2 Review on Lab 10: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

A comprehensive set of 66 flashcards to review key concepts related to the circulatory and respiratory systems in mammals.

What are the major components of the circulatory system?

The major components are the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.

What is the main function of the heart?

To transport various substances throughout the body.

What are the two circuits in the mammalian cardiovascular system?

The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit.

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

To provide oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide.

What diseases can impair the function of the respiratory system?

Cystic fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema.

What is the function of valves in the heart?

To keep blood moving in one direction and prevent backflow.

What is the size of the human heart?

About the size of a clenched fist.

What separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

The tricuspid valve.

How does deoxygenated blood flow through the heart?

From the right atrium to the right ventricle, then to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

What is the role of chordae tendineae?

To connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid and bicuspid valves.

What separates the left atrium and left ventricle?

The mitral (bicuspid) valve.

Where does blood go after leaving the left ventricle?

It is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta.

What is a major characteristic of arteries?

They carry blood away from the heart.

What color represents deoxygenated blood in diagrams?

Blue.

What is the role of the aorta?

To distribute oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

What does the pericardium do?

It protects the heart and reduces friction.

What muscles are found in the atria?

Pectinate muscles.

What is the function of arterioles?

To serve as smaller branches of arteries.

How does the muscular wall of the left ventricle compare to that of the right ventricle?

The left ventricle has a thicker wall.

What is hypertension?

A disease associated with the circulatory system characterized by high blood pressure.

What do the pulmonary veins carry?

Oxygenated blood back to the heart.

What is the first chamber to receive deoxygenated blood?

The right atrium.

What happens during gas exchange in the lungs?

Blood discards carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.

What distinguishes the systemic circuit from the pulmonary circuit?

The systemic circuit carries blood to and from the rest of the body.

What do veins have to prevent backflow of blood?

Valves.

What are the two types of circulatory systems?

Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system.

What type of circulatory system do humans have?

Closed circulatory system.

What is the primary responsibility of the cardiovascular system?

To move essential materials around the body.

How does blood enter the right atrium?

Through the superior and inferior vena cava.

What does the term 'pulse' refer to?

The measure of heartbeats typically in beats per minute (BPM).

What is blood pressure?

The pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.

What are arteries characterized by?

Thicker elastic walls and higher blood pressure.

What is the pathway of blood from the right atrium to the lungs?

From the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, then to the pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk.

What prevents backflow through the tricuspid and mitral valves?

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.

What happens to blood in the lungs?

It becomes oxygenated.

What do capillaries do?

Facilitate the exchange of nutrients with tissues.

What color is oxygenated blood represented in diagrams?

Red.

What anchors the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Chordae tendineae.

What is a choke point in blood flow between the right and left atria?

The interatrial septum.

What is the point at which the heart's apex is located?

At the blunt bottom, pointing left.

What is blood flow through the mitral valve?

From the left atrium to the left ventricle.

What happens at the aortic valve?

Blood exits the heart into the aorta.

What is the role of the right ventricle?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

What is the general flow path of blood in the heart?

Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta.

What distinguishes the left and right sides of the heart?

The left side has a thicker muscle wall for stronger pumping.

What does the interventricular septum do?

Separates the two ventricles.

What do semilunar valves lack?

Chordae tendineae.

What attaches the heart's large vessels at the base?

Major arteries and veins coming from and going to the heart.

What is the significance of the 'T' before 'M' Trick?

To remember that the tricuspid valve comes before the mitral valve in blood flow.

What is the flow pathway of blood starting from the left ventricle?

Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta.

What do venules connect to?

Larger veins returning blood to the heart.

What happens to blood after it leaves the pulmonary veins?

It enters the left atrium.

What characterizes the pulmonary arteries?

They carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

What connects the papillary muscles to the valves?

Chordae tendineae.

What components comprise the cardiovascular system?

The heart, system of blood vessels, and fluid (blood).

What are the main functions of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.

What is critical for maintaining higher blood pressure in arteries?

The thicker and more elastic walls compared to veins.

How does the structure of capillaries suit their function?

Very small to facilitate efficient nutrient exchange.