Chemistry Lecture Notes - Year Exam 2026 Topics

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the core chemistry concepts and lab experiments required for the 2026 chemistry exam at Hjørring Gymnasium, including salt properties, stoichiometry, gases, and redox reactions.

Fældningsreaktion

A chemical reaction occurring in an aqueous solution where two soluble salts react to form an insoluble solid called a precipitate.

Ionbinding

A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typical in the structure of salts.

Simple ioner

Ions that consist of only a single atom with a positive or negative charge.

Sammensatte ioner

Ions that consist of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that function as a single charged unit.

Letopløselige salte

Salts that dissolve significantly in water, typically defined as having a solubility greater than a specific threshold.

Tungtopløselige salte

Salts that have very low solubility in water, often resulting in the formation of a precipitate during a chemical reaction.

Krystalvand

Water molecules that are chemically bonded into the crystal lattice of a salt in a specific stoichiometric ratio.

Stofmængde

A physical quantity representing the number of elementary entities in a sample, measured in the unit mol.

Molarmasse

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in the unit $g\,mol^{-1}$.

Ækvivalente stofmængder

The relationship between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction according to the balanced equation.

Idealgasligningen

The equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas, expressed as $P \times V = n \times R \times T$.

Gassers molare rumfang

The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at a specific temperature and pressure, often denoted as $V_m$.

Elektronparbinding

Also known as a covalent bond, it is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Elektronegativitet

A chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

Polær/upolær

Terms describing the distribution of electrical charge in a molecule; polar molecules have an uneven distribution, while non-polar (upolær) molecules have an even distribution.

Spændingsrækken

The reactivity series of metals, which ranks metals according to their ability to act as reducing agents and displace hydrogen or other metals.

Oxidation

A process in a redox reaction where an atom or ion loses electrons, resulting in an increase in its oxidation number.

Reduktion

A process in a redox reaction where an atom or ion gains electrons, resulting in a decrease in its oxidation number.

Oxidationstal

A formal value assigned to atoms in a molecule or ion to track the redistribution of electrons during redox reactions.

Titrering

A quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of a specific substance in a solution by reacting it with a known volume and concentration of another substance.

Ækvivalenspunkt

The point in a titration where the amount of titrant added is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the sample.

Stofmængdekoncentration

The amount of solute divided by the volume of the solution, typically measured in $mol\,dm^{-3}$.

Formel og aktuel koncentration

Terms used to distinguish between the concentration of a substance as it was added to a solution (formal) and its concentration after reaching equilibrium or dissociating (actual).

Carbonhydrider

Organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms, also known as hydrocarbons.

Alkaner

A class of saturated hydrocarbons consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected entirely by single bonds.

Isomeri

The phenomenon where chemical compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms.

Forbrændingsreaktion

A chemical reaction between a fuel (such as a hydrocarbon) and an oxidant (usually oxygen) that produces heat and products like $CO_2$ and $H_2O$.