PSYCH 130 - Social Development

freud’s psychoanalytic theories

psychological issues come from unresolved childhood issues, conflicts in 5 universal stages, lack of resolution → fixations in later life

freud: oral stage

dependence vs. independence, oral fixation, dependency, gullibility, oral habits

freud: anal stage

control vs. autonomy, anal retentive → orderly and stingy, anal expulsive → messy and destructive

freud: phallic stage

body and gender identity, vanity, recklessness, sexual anxiety

freud: latent stage

social, academmic, communication skills, rare fixation

freud: genital stage

mature intimate relationships, difficulties with love and work

id

instinctual needs and impulses

superego

internalized social rules, moral control

ego

self, mediator between id and superego

Erikson’s psychosocial development model

lifelong development of identity and relationships through resolution of social crises

Erikson: trust vs mistrust

are needs met? if not, fear and insecurity about the world, intimate relationship difficulties

Erikson: autonomy vs. shame and doubt

sense of independence, if not, shame and self-doubt

Erikson: initiative vs guilt

exploration and curiosity, if not inhibition of creativity

Erikson: industry vs inferiority

school and teamwork, feelings of inferiority and failure

Eriskon: identity vs. role confusion

sense of personal identity, otherwise role confusion

impact of freud

parent-child relationship impacts development and other relationships, some unconscious processes

impact of Erikson

adolescence is a key developmental period

learning theories of social development

continuity, mechanisms of change

watson’s learning theory

behaviorism, classical conditioning, parents responsible for shaping behavior

skinner’s learning theory

behavior influenced by outcomes of past behavior, operant conditioning

bandura’s social learning theories

observational learning, learning is social

bandura’s learning theory: reciprocal determinism

child-environment influences operate in both directions, active child

Selman’s social cognitive theory

stage theory, based on role taking/TOM, ability to take others’ roles motivates cognitive development

Dodge: information processing theory of social problem solving

kids use aggression as a problem solving strategy, hostile attribution bias

Dweck: achievement theory

learning goals or performance goals

Lorenz: ethology

understand behavior based on evolution adaptiveness

Lorenz: imprinting

form of early attachment, innate and irreversible, informs attachment theory