court cases Frick

mucculloch v maryland

REQUIRED

fed bank

• Congress has implied powers (necessary + proper clause)

• states cant tax fed institutions (supremacy clause)

us v lopez

REQUIRED

student brought firearm to school + charged under gunfree school zones act

• law unconstitutional bec congress’ commerce clause power

engel v vitale

REQUIRED

school made voluntary prayer

• gov't cant sponsor prayer even if voluntary (establishment clause)

wisconsin v yoder

REQUIRED

mandatory schooling until 16, contradicting amish belief

• state interest in education conflicts with religions (free exercise clause)

korematsu v us

japanese-american arrested for resisting executive order of mandated internment

• necessary for the danger of espionage and sabotage

tinker v des moines

REQUIRED

vietnam war, students wore armbands protesting war

• symbolic speech = political speech = constitutionally protected (freedom of speech)

new york times v us

REQUIRED

pentagon papers published on the NYT

• weak prior restraint, gov’t had no reason to censor publication (freedom of press)

• public’s right to know

schenck v us

REQUIRED

pamphlets sent out to resist the draft

• est clear + present danger doctrine

  • free speech limitations + espionage act didn’t conflict

gideon v wainwright

REQUIRED

charged w felony but denied lawyer

• 6th amendment right to councilroe

• applied to states w/ 14th

roe v wade

semi-REQUIRED (?)

states law only allowed abortion if in danger

• right to abortion (right to privacy implied thru 9th)

  • first trimester: states can’t regulate abortion (due process of 14th)

mcdonald v chicago

REQUIRED

chicago firearm ban violated 2nd amendment

• 2nd amendment applied to states w/ 14th amendment

brown v board of education

REQUIRED

african American students denied entry to schools bec Jim crow laws

• overturned separate but equal doctrine in plessy v ferg

  • violated equal protection clause of 14th

• victory for civil rights movement

citizens united v fec

REQUIRED

gov’t laws limited corporate + union spending, Hilary documentary, broke campaign laws bec considered political ad funded by gov’t

• limiting independent political spending suppresses free speech

  • overruled restrictions from bipartisan campaign reform act

baker v carr

REQUIRED

tennessee hasn’t redrawn legislative districts

• gerrymandering is political and fed courts can rule on these cases

  • violated equal protection clause of the 14th

shaw v reno

REQUIRED

north carolina redistricting challenged as racial gerrymandering

• race-based redistricting subject to strict scrutiny bec violates equal protection clause of 14th

marbury v madison

REQUIRED

marbury issued write of mandamus to force madison to give commission

• marbury was entitled to receive commission

• established scotus power of judicial review

gibbons v ogden

ogden w state license while gibbons w fed license

• fed has more power over states in interstate commerce

reynolds v us

polygamy

• prohibited, offense + violation of social institution

• first major case to interpret free exercise of 1st

plessy v ferguson

plessy (1/8 black) sat in white only car

• upheld separate car act, declared segregation as constitutional under “separate but equal” doctrine

• established “separate but equal doctrine”

gitlow v new york

published socialist pamphlet violated state law

• states could punish speech that is threatening

• established the incorporation doctrine of 14th, applying free speech protection to state

oregon v smith

ingestion of drugs bec of religion is prohibited (freedom of religion)

mapp v ohio

if not in search warrant, cannot be used in court

• applied exclusionary rule (4th) to the states (selective incorporation 14th)

new jersey v tlo

school officials don’t need warrant/probably cause to search for student’s belongings

• 4th amendment modified to balance student privacy + schools need to maintain safety + orderly environment

hazelwood v kuhlmeier

school paper using pseudonyms w/ 2 pages regarding teen pregnancy + divorce

• school had power to control the paper bec it is a class course

• 1st amendment not violated

  • student’s rights can be restricted to maintain safety

griswold v connecticut

state law prohibiting birth control violating constitutional right to privacy

• established right to privacy even tho not stated in constitution

miranda v arizona

REQUIRED (?)

statements made during interrogation can’t be used in court

• established requirement for police to inform suspects of their rights (Miranda rights)

• 5th protects self incrimination

• 14th requires states to follow fair legal procedures

dobbs v jackson

overturned roe v wade

• ended 50 years of fed right of protected abortions