CHAPTER 63

A fetus with partial situs inversus demonstrates which one of the following abnormalities?

Stomach is on the right, heart is on the left

In a transverse image, evidence of the “double bubble” sign in a fetus with trisomy 21 represents which of the following conditions?

Duodenal atresia

A fetus with dilated loops of echogenic bowel should be evaluated for all of the fetus following except:

Duodenal atresia

The spleen is visualized on a transverse plane, just ____

Posterior and left of the stomach

Causes of echogenic areas in the fetal abdomen may be all of the following except:

Duodenal atresia

A cystic growth of the common bile duct is

Choledochal cyst

What is the remnant of the proximal yolk stalk?

Meckel diverticulum

A sonographic demonstration of the normal esophagus in the second and third trimester appears as a:

Multilayered pattern

Which one of the following malformations of the midgut is most common?

Meckel diverticulum

The distinction of the large bowel from the small bowel is possible as early as ___ weeks gestation

20

Which one of the following statements about the fetal stomach is incorrect?

An esophageal anomaly is the most commonly cause of nonvisualization of the stomach

A transposition of the liver and stomach, an absence of the gallbladder, multiple spleens, and a disruption of the inferior vena cava describes which one of the following conditions?

Polysplenia

A sonolucent band identified near the fetal anterior abdominal wall represents which one of the following?

Pseudoascites

The most reliable criterion for diagnosing dilated bowel is which one of the following?

Bowel diameter

Causes of the double bubble sign include all of the following except:

Choledochal cyst

Coexisting anomalies of fetuses with esophageal atresia include all of the following except:

Ascites

The derivatives of the hindgut include all of the following except:

Cecum

The normal diameter of the fetal large bowel at 20 weeks is ___ mm

3-5

The sonographic criteria for choledochal cyst include all of the following except”

Decreased size of a cyst and gallbladder on serial examinations

Peritoneal calcifications noted in a fetus ay 30 weeks gestation may represent which one of the following?

Meconium peritonitis

VACTERL is a group of anomalies associated with which one of the following?

Anorectal atresia

Which one of the following statements about the fetal liver is incorrect?

The right lobe is larger than the left lobe in utero

Which one of the following describes total situs inversus?

Heart is on the right, liver is on the left, spleen is on the right

The normal fetal liver typically appears:

Pebble-gray

In the normal fetal liver, which lobe is usually larger?

Left lobe

The fetal liver serves primarily as the main storage site for:

Glucose

The fetal gallbladder is commonly described as having which shape?

Cone or teardrop

The fetal gallbladder is normally located in the:

Right upper abdomen

To distinguish the fetal gallbladder from the left portal vein, the sonographer should identify the structure:

Right of the portal umbilical vein

Echogenic debris within the fetal stomach may represent:

Vernix, protein, or intraamniotic hemorrhage

The fetal stomach is typically visualized by:

11 weeks

The fetal stomach is usually consistently fluid-filled by:

16 weeks

The normal fetal stomach is typically located in the:

Left upper quadrant

If no fluid is visualized within the fetal stomach during examination, the sonographer should:

Repeat the scan in 30 minutes

The normal fetal small bowel is usually located ___ of abdomen and pelvis:

Centrally

The normal fetal small bowel appears:

Slightly hyperechoic

The fetal small bowel commonly demonstrates which appearance?

Cluster appearance

Fetal bowel peristalsis is commonly visualized after:

20 weeks

The normal fetal large bowel is best described as:

Long tubular hypoechoic structure

The fetal large bowel is usually located:

Around the periphery of the abdomen

Meconium within the fetal large bowel is typically:

Hypoechoic

Near term, the fetal large bowel may measure up to:

20 mm

Echogenic bowel is defined as bowel that is:

As echogenic as bone

Echogenic bowel is associated with:

Cystic fibrosis + aneuploidy + CMV + blood swallowing