Exam 3 - psychopathology

Gender

socially determined and learned

gender identity

internal experience of gender

gender expression

external presentation of gender

cisgender

gender identity is same as sex assigned at birth

transgender

gender identity is different than sex assigned at birth

sex

sex assigned at birth, based on chromosomes and genitalia

intersex

both female and male genitalia

sexuality

sexual attraction, pleasure, and behaviors/activity

sexual orientation

pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attraction

gender dysphoria

distress stemming from an incongruence between a person’s felt/known gender and assigned sex

consent

freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic, specific

sexual interests

thoughts, ideas, or behaviors that one finds sexually arousing

kink

types of sexual interest, arousal, or consensual activity which fall outside societal norms

paraphilia

persistent and atypical sexual interest which does not violate consent or cause distress

Paraphilic disorders

atypical sexual interest which causes distress or impairment to an individual or harm to others

HiTOP spectra for sexual problems

internalizing

physical dependence

involved changes in normal bodily functions—the user will experience withdrawal from the drug upon cessation of use

psychological dependence

an emotional need for the drug and the drug is used to relieve psychological distress

tolerance

linked to physiological dependence, and it occurs when a person requires more and more drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses

withdrawal

includes a variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued

abstinence approach

emphasizes total cessation of alcohol use; used by self help groups

controlled drinking approach

suggests some individuals can learn to moderate their intake

HiTOP spectra for substance abuse

disinhibited externalizing

Psychosis

clinical term for an unusual state of mind as compared to the typical member of individuals culture or subculture

Hallucinations

sensory experience in the absence of an external stimuli

delusions

firmly held beliefs not shared by members of the persons culture of subculture and inconsistent with available evidence, held with a high degree of certainty and resistant to conflicting information

negative symptoms

describing something missing from typical experience

cognitive symptoms

reductions in more basic cognition processes

HiTOP spectra for psychosis

thought disorder

intelligence

wide range of mental activities such as the ability of logical reasoning, and practical intelligence, ability in learning, verbal skills, etc

intelligence quotient

represents a total score obtained from standardized tests developed for evaluating human intelligence

specific learning disorder

classification of disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner within one of several domains

dyslexia

most common learning disability

dyscalculia

a form of math-related disability that involves difficulties with learning math related concedpts, memorizing math facts, organizing numbers, and understanding problems organization

dysgraphia

typically show multiple writing-related deficiencies

language disorder

difficulties in learning and using language, caused by problems with vocabulary, with grammar, and with putting sentences together in a proper manner

speech sound disorder

those with problems with pronunciation and articulation of their native language

childhood-onset fluency disorder(stuttering)

standard fluency and rhythm of speech is interrupted, often causing repetition of whole words and syllables

social communication disorder

the diagnosis describes difficulties in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal communication in naturalistic contexts, effecting the development of social relationships and discourse comprehension

unspecified communication disorder

for those who have symptoms of a communication disorder but do not meet all criteria, and whose symptoms cause distress or impairment

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal

erectile disorder

difficulty getting abd/or maintaining erection

premature ejaculation/delayed ejaculation

a persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring partnered sexual activity within approximately 1 minute following vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it

genito-pelvic/penetration disorder

persistent or recurrent difficulties with, vaginal penetration during intercourse, Marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse or penetration attempts, Marked fear or anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration, Marked tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration

voyeuristic disorder

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from watching people naked, undressing, or having sex — FALSE PROPHET

Exhibitionistic disorder

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from showing genitals to unsuspecting people — SAFEU ALERT

frotteuristic disorder

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a unconsenting individual—LOUIS THE JEWISH

seuxal masochism

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, bound, suffering—50 SHADES

sexual sadism

intense and recurrent sexual arousal from the suffering of another person—SS=sexy suffering

pedophilic disorder

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from children 13 or younger when your 5 years older

Fetishistic disorder

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from nonliving objects or nongenital parts—FOOT FETISH

Transvestic disorder

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from crossdressing—acting TRANS=arousing

Cluster A - personality disorders

PSS= paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Cluster B - personality disorders

HNAB= histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline

Cluster C - personality disorders

ADO-C= avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Paranoid personality disorder

suspicious, distrustful, holds grudges, violent, hypersensitive, on guard—NEWSPAPER MAN

schizoid personality disorder

difficulty forming social relationships, lack interest in doing so, unable to express feelings, cold/distant

schizotypal personality disorder

excessive introvert, social and interpersonal deficits, cognitive and perceptual distortions, odd speech/paranoid beliefs—more severe version of schizoid

Histrionic personality disorder

excessive attention seeking, extrovert, dramatic, emotional, concerned about approval of others—SOFIA

narcissistic personality disorder

exaggerated sense of self-importance, preoccupation with admiration, lack of empathy for others’ feelings

Grandiose - narcissistic personality disorder

overestimates ones own abilities and accomplishments and underestimates others

Vulnerable - narcissistic personality disorder

very fragile and unstable sense of self

Antisocial personality disorder

persistently disregard and violate others, unsocialized, irresponsible, little regard for safety, societal conflicts

Borderline personality disorder

impulsivity, instability in personal relationships, self-image, erratic, risky and self destructive behaviors

avoidant personality disorder

extreme social inhibition, introvert, avoid interpersonal relations due to fear of rejection

dependent personality disorder

extreme need to be taken care of, clinging, submissive, fear of separation,

obsessive-conpulsive personality disorder

perfectionism, excessive concern with maintaining order and control, overly involved in details

psychopathy

lack of empathy, shallow emotions, impulsivity, and persistent antisocial behavior, often masked by superficial charm

alogia

reduced speech

anhedonia

reduced pleasure

asociality

reduced social drive

avolition

reduced motivation

blunted effect

reduced expressiveness

positive symptoms

adding something unusual to the typical experience

persecutory/suspicious delusions

that others mean the individual harm

grandiose delusions

the individual has special status, powers, or abilities

erotomanic delusions

someone(usually famous) is in love with the person

Somatic delusions

related to illness or changes in the body

ideas of reference

receiving messages from the environment around you

though insertion/broadcasting/withdrawal delusions

others are listening to, inserting, or removing your thoughts

capgras syndrome

the belief someone close to you has been replaced with an imposter

disorganization

positive symptom that is disruptions in an individuals ability to communicate clearly or bizarre behavior/self-presentation

cognitive symptoms - PDS

Poorer executive function and planning

Difficulties with memory and concentration

Stereotyped thinking/difficulties with abstract thought

medical conditions that present with psychosis

dementia/age-related neurological conditions, epilepsy, brain tumors

substances that can cause psychosis

hallucinogens(LSD, psilocybin, marijuana)

active psychosis

occurs only during a severe episode or depression or mania and resolves once euthymic mood returns

schizophrenia

presence of two or more delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, negative symptoms during 1 month for 6 months

schizophreniform

symptoms of schizophrenia are present for time but signs of disturbance are not present for 6 months

Brief psychotic disorder

sudden onset of psychotic behavior lasting less than 1 month, followed by complete remission with possible relapses

delusional disorder

a person has one of more delusional thoughts for 1 month or more, not otherwise explained by condition or substance

bizarre delusion

delusions involve phenomenon that is impossible, not understandable, and unrelated to norms

non-bizarre delusions

delusions involve situations that are possible, but remain fixed false beliefs even after proven false

schizoaffective

an uninterrupted period of time where both the psychotic symptoms criteria for schizophrenia and major mood episode are met

a period of at least two weeks with delusions or hallucinations without experiencing a major mood episode

major mood episode symptoms are present for the majority of the tme since the person was diagnosed

depressive schizoaffective

only met criteria for depressive episode

bipolar schizoaffective

has had at least one manic episode

Premorbid stage 1 of schizophrenia

no overt symptoms, possibly subtle signs(slight cognitive difference, atypical crawling, odd experiences)

prodrome/clinical high risk stage 2 of schizophrenia

decline in functioning, withdrawal, mood symptoms, attenuated psychotic symptoms(transient, unusual experiences without full loss of insight)

first episode stage 3 of schizophrenia

full onset of psychotic symptoms, negative and cognitive symptoms present, hospitalization(florid psychosis)

remission stage 4 of schizophrenia

positive symptoms either fully remit or notably reduced; positive and negative symptoms remain prominent; impairment/distress not hospitalized

possible decompensation stage 5 of schizophrenia

full return of florid psychosis