HTH 351- Exam 3 Review Updated

Social support

a feedback provided via contact with similar and valued peers, the functional content of relationships

Social Network

An association of people drawn together by family, work or hobby.

Emotional/belonging support

affect, esteem, concern, expression of empathy, love, trust, caring

Instrumental (tangible) support

tangible aid and service

Informational support

suggestions, advice, information

Appraisal support

feedback, affirmation, information that is useful for self evaluation

Social Marketing

the use of commercial marketing techniques to help in acquisition of a behavior that is beneficial for the health of a target population

Target audience

distinct groups of people who are similar to each other in different characteristics and likely to respond to the message in a similar way

Consumer orientation

determines the perceptions, needs, wants of target markets. Satisfies through design, communication, pricing, delivery of appropriate, competitive and visible offerings

Exchange Theory

implies the transfer or transaction of something valuable between two individuals or groups, willing to exchange for perceived benefits

Commercial marketing

making profits, modest expectations

Social marketing (vs commercial)

making behavior change for social causes, demanding expectations

Product (4 Ps)

includes behavior that is being promoted and the benefits that go along with it

Price (4 Ps)

barrieres or costs (tangible or intangible) involved in adopting the behavior

Place (4 Ps)

makes the product accessible and convenient

Promotion (4 Ps)

how the practitioner notifies the target market of the product, also notifies of its benefits, reasonable cost, and convenience

Publics (Additional P)

Primary and secondary audiences involved in the program

Partnership (Additional P)

Establishing collaboration with multiple partners who would work on the same issue

Policy (Additional P)

Creating the environmental supports in order to sustain the behavior change

Purse strings (Additional P)

Amount of money available at one's disposal for the campaign

Barriers

Those factors that discourage people from taking an action they would otherwise do

Diffusion of innovations

Addresses how ideas, products, and social practices that are perceived as "new" spread throughout a society or from one society to another.

Innovation (Diffusion element)

New ideas, objects, or practices that are to be adopted

Communication channels (Diffusion element)

A process in which participants create and share information which one another in order to reach a mutual understanding

Social system (Diffusion element)

A group of individuals who together adopt the innovation

Relative Advantage

The degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supersedes

Compatibility

refers to perception about consistency with existing values, past experiences, needs of potential adopters

Incompatible

idea that is incompatible with the values and norms of a social system (slow process)

Simplicity / Complexity

The degree of difficulty in understanding and using the new idea, practice, or product (simpler ideas adopted more rapidly)

Trialability

The degree to which an innovation may be experimented with on a limited basis (ideas tried on installment plan adopted more quickly) (represents less uncertainty)

Observability

the degree to which the results of an innovation are visible to others

Cost

Tangible and intangible expenses incurred in the adoption of a new idea, practice, or product

Mass-Media Channels

all those means of transmitting messages that involve a mass medium

Interpersonal Channels

involves a face-to-face exchange between two or more individuals.

Interactive Channels

such as the Internet, can reinforce message

Knowledge (5-Step Process)

Person becomes aware of an innovation and has some idea of how it functions

Persuasion (5-Step Process)

Person forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the innovation

Decision (5-Step Process)

Person engages in activities that lead to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation

Implementation (5-Step Process)

Person puts an innovation into use

Confirmation (5-Step Process)

Person evaluates the results of an innovation-decision already made

Innovators

By nature are adventurous, cosmopolitan, have geographically dispersed contacts, are high risk takers, and have high tolerance of uncertainty and failure.

Early Adopters

Well-respected opinion leaders, well-integrated and judicious individuals. (more integrated than innovators) (most important to identify)

Early Majority

These people are deliberate, highly connected within a peer system, and are ahead of the average

Late Majority

are skeptical, responsive to economic necessity,responsive to social norms, have limited economic resources, and have low tolerance for uncertainty

Laggards

more traditional in their disposition, are relatively isolated, have precarious economic situation, and are suspicious (possess almost no opinion leadership)

Rate of adoption

The relative speed with which an innovation is adopted by members of a social system

Social System

A set of interrelated units that are engaged in joint problem-solving to accomplish a common goal.

Homophily

Similarity among group members (more homophilous group the faster the spread of innovations)

Critical Mass

The point at which enough individuals have adopted an innovation that the innovation's further rate of adoption becomes self-sustaining

Motivational Interviewing

a collaborative conversation style with people about change and growth to strengthen their own motivation and commitment

PACE

Partnership, Acceptance, Compassion, Empowerment

Intentional Reflection

the listener repeats or paraphrases what a person has said in a thoughtful way to help guide the conversation

Process (formative) evaluation

Documents what the program is and to what extent it has been implemented

Impact (summative) evaluation

What short-term or immediate effect did the program have?

Outcome evaluation

Identifies the results or effects of a program

it is a group of 100-150 people and there is a broader variety of types of support

how is social network different from social support

Health Communication

from one dimensional (PSAs only) to a multifaceted approach drawing from commercial marketers

tangible

refers to the distribution system, where it is sold or places where it is given out for free

intangible

refers to channels that reach consumers with information or training

mass media

most important vehicles for creating awareness of social products

distribution channels

makes the product available

heightens benefits, reduces barriers, offers a better choice than competition

why the 4 P's

Social Marketing/ Exchange Theory

Desired actions can be made more attractive to consumers by minimizing key barriers

clarity, sensitivity to concerns, cultural considerations, plausibility

what does overcoming obstacles depend on

planning and strategy, selecting channels and materials, developing materials and pretesting, implementation, assessing effectiveness, Feedback to refine program

social marketing wheel

Everett Rogers

who is the lead for diffusion of innovations theory

Time

5 step decision making process

Relative advantage, compatibility/incompatibility, simplicity/complexity, trialability, oberservability, cost

what are the components of diffusion of innovations

relative advantage, compatibility, demonstrability, clarity of results, complexity

5 perceived attributes of an innovation

critical mass

ultimate goal of diffusion of innovation

Awareness of innovation, Perceived importance/efficacy of the innovation, Cost of the innovation, Resources available for implementation, Desire to be perceived as leader/innovator External factors such as economic/political/regulatory climate

drivers and barriers

Layperson's definition of MI

a collaborative conversation style for strengthening a person's own motivation and commitment to change

Practitioners definition of MI

a person centered counseling style for addressing the common problem of ambivalence about change

Technical definition of MI

collaborative, goal-oriented style of communication with particular attention to the language of change.

open question, reflective listening, affirmation, summaries

what does OARS stand for

evoking

the client's own stated reasons to possibly make a change, goal is for the client to present arguments for change

Planning: how to change, evoking: why change, focusing: what to change, engaging: shall we work together

4 processes of MI

Thomas Gordan's model of listening

spoken words, heard words, meaning of what listener thinks, meaning of what the speaker means

Increase your knowledge of processes involved in program evaluation. Provide information and resources to help you design and conduct your own program evaluation

purpose of evaluation in behavior change

planning, development, implementation, feedback

components of evaluation process