Y9 Biology - Spec specialised cell adaptations

Adaptations of nerve cells

Long axon to transmit messages across large distances. myelin sheath that acts as an insulated for faster transmission, dendrites to receive signals from other cells

Adaptations of xylem

Thick dead lignin wall for support, hollow for minimal distance

Adaptations of phloem

Companion cells with lots of mitochondria, sieve tubes that lack organelles for less resistance, perforated ene walls

What does xylem transport

Water and minerals

What does phloem transport

Food in the form of sugars

Muscle cell adaptations

Mitochondria for aerobic respiration for energy, ribosomes for protein filaments to contraction and relax

Sperm cell adaptations

Acrosome enzymes to penetrate outer layer of egg cell, flagellum to swim, haploid nucleus for fertilisation

Root hair cell adaptations

Large surface area for efficient diffusion and osmosis, mitochondria for energy for aerobic respiration