Speech and Hearing Science Exam 3 Quiz Qs

What happens when the velum is raised (the velopharyngeal passage is closed)?

Air is forced to exit through the oral cavity.

True or false? Most speech sounds in English are produced with oral airflow.

True

True or false? Velar closure is accomplished in all people exactly the same way.

False

Bilabial stop

Place: both lips; Manner: complete obstruction.

Alveolar Fricative

Place: tongue near alveolar ridge; Manner: constriction.

Velar Nasal

Place: back of tongue against velum; Manner: Nasal - velopharyngeal port is open.

Labiodental Fricative

Place: upper teeth on lower lip; Manner: constriction.

What does coarticulation refer to?

The way in which phonemes are influenced by the movements associated with phonemes that are adjacent in the production of an utterance.

Consonants are described in terms of…

Place, manner, and voicing.

The F1 on an F1/F2 plot represents…

tongue height.

Which of the following statements is true of fricatives?

All of the above statements are true.

All of the following elements are considered in the source-filter theory of vowel production EXCEPT

Hearing acuity

This system uses sensors that are glued to the person’s articulators…

Electromagnetic articulography

The major advantage of EPG is…

Real-time tongue visualization of tongue-to-palate movements.

A major disadvantage of ultrasound is…

Distorted images.

Which of the following can affect a speaker’s intelligibility?

All of the above can affect intelligibility.

Perceptual measures describe…while kinematic measures provide information about…

The listener’s experience of intelligibility/underlying motor patterns of articulation.

You are working with a 14-year old girl with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss who wears hearing aids. Which strategy would be useful to help her improve her production of consonant?

Visual feedback from EPG or ultrasound.

True or false? Speakers with dysarthria may demonstrate a reduced vowel space, in which values for corner vowels shift to a more neutralized position.

True

According to the textbook, a study that compared deaf and hard-of-hearing users of hearing aids and those who receive cochlear implants (CI) in terms of vowel production, the hearing aid users…

Are less successful with vowel production than the CI clients.

Articulatory undershoot occurs when…

Articulators do not reach their target before they begin the following sound.

There is a somewhat higher co-occurrence of speech sound disorders within the population of individuals who stutter. These clients may demonstrate…

Longer vowel durations.

True or False? Cleft palates develop in the first trimester of pregnancy.

True

What instrument measure is the most commonly used to evaluate the structure and function of the velopharyngeal mechanism?

Nasopharyngoscopy

Compensatory articulations may occur in an individual who presents with VPI, with nasal emission resulting in…

Both A & B - A change in PLACE, A change in MANNER

Why are stops, fricatives and affricates particularly difficult to produce for individuals with cleft palate?

These phonemes require a strong buildup of ORAL PRESSURE.

True or false? Speakers with left palate may demonstrate velopharyngeal problems that contribute to distortions of resonance as well as misarticulations.

True

A 49-year-old woman was referred by her internist because of a 2-month history of speech difficulty that her family interpreted as a response to stress. During the speech evaluation, she admitted to considerable family stress, but she thought that she was handling it well. She described her speech as "nasal," which she attributed to a cold. She had recently begun to choke on liquids. She admitted that food occasionally squirreled in her cheeks and that sometimes she needed to use a finger to remove it. She had begun to gag when brushing her teeth or swallowing saliva and reported "crying a lot," even when she did not feel sad. She admitted to some "twitching" around her eyes and left upper lip.
Oral mechanism examination revealed bilateral lower face and tongue weakness and reduced lateral tongue alternating motion rates (AMs). Her cough was weak. Her contextual speech was characterized by a groaning, strained voice quality; reduced loudness; hypernasality; imprecise and weak pressure consonants; reduced rate; short phrases; and monopitch and monoloudness. Speech AMRs were slow but regular. Vowel prolongation was mildly strained and breathy.
Match the symptoms to the corresponding part of the speech mechanism.

Tongue weakness and reduced lateral tongue alternating motion rates (AMRs)

Articulatory structures

A 49-year-old woman was referred by her internist because of a 2-month history of speech difficulty that her family interpreted as a response to stress. During the speech evaluation, she admitted to considerable family stress, but she thought that she was handling it well. She described her speech as "nasal," which she attributed to a cold. She had recently begun to choke on liquids. She admitted that food occasionally squirreled in her cheeks and that sometimes she needed to use a finger to remove it. She had begun to gag when brushing her teeth or swallowing saliva and reported "crying a lot," even when she did not feel sad. She admitted to some "twitching" around her eyes and left upper lip.
Oral mechanism examination revealed bilateral lower face and tongue weakness and reduced lateral tongue alternating motion rates (AMs). Her cough was weak. Her contextual speech was characterized by a groaning, strained voice quality; reduced loudness; hypernasality; imprecise and weak pressure consonants; reduced rate; short phrases; and monopitch and monoloudness. Speech AMRs were slow but regular. Vowel prolongation was mildly strained and breathy.
Match the symptoms to the corresponding part of the speech mechanism.

Strained voice quality

larynx

A 49-year-old woman was referred by her internist because of a 2-month history of speech difficulty that her family interpreted as a response to stress. During the speech evaluation, she admitted to considerable family stress, but she thought that she was handling it well. She described her speech as "nasal," which she attributed to a cold. She had recently begun to choke on liquids. She admitted that food occasionally squirreled in her cheeks and that sometimes she needed to use a finger to remove it. She had begun to gag when brushing her teeth or swallowing saliva and reported "crying a lot," even when she did not feel sad. She admitted to some "twitching" around her eyes and left upper lip.
Oral mechanism examination revealed bilateral lower face and tongue weakness and reduced lateral tongue alternating motion rates (AMs). Her cough was weak. Her contextual speech was characterized by a groaning, strained voice quality; reduced loudness; hypernasality; imprecise and weak pressure consonants; reduced rate; short phrases; and monopitch and monoloudness. Speech AMRs were slow but regular. Vowel prolongation was mildly strained and breathy.
Match the symptoms to the corresponding part of the speech mechanism.

Reduced loudness

respiratory support

A 49-year-old woman was referred by her internist because of a 2-month history of speech difficulty that her family interpreted as a response to stress. During the speech evaluation, she admitted to considerable family stress, but she thought that she was handling it well. She described her speech as "nasal," which she attributed to a cold. She had recently begun to choke on liquids. She admitted that food occasionally squirreled in her cheeks and that sometimes she needed to use a finger to remove it. She had begun to gag when brushing her teeth or swallowing saliva and reported "crying a lot," even when she did not feel sad. She admitted to some "twitching" around her eyes and left upper lip.
Oral mechanism examination revealed bilateral lower face and tongue weakness and reduced lateral tongue alternating motion rates (AMs). Her cough was weak. Her contextual speech was characterized by a groaning, strained voice quality; reduced loudness; hypernasality; imprecise and weak pressure consonants; reduced rate; short phrases; and monopitch and monoloudness. Speech AMRs were slow but regular. Vowel prolongation was mildly strained and breathy.
Match the symptoms to the corresponding part of the speech mechanism.

Hypernasality

velopharyngeal port

A 61-year-old woman presented with a 6-year history of progressive coordination difficulty and an 18-month history of speech difficulty. Neurologic examination confirmed the presence of gait ataxia, upper limb incoordination, slow and ataxic eye movements, and dysarthria.
During speech evaluation she described speaking as a "real effort." She had to speak more slowly to be understood but admitted an inability to speak more rapidly. Oral mechanism examination was normal except that her cough was poorly coordinated. Her speech was characterized by slow rate; irregular articulatory breakdowns; excess and equal stress; abnormal alterations in pitch, loudness, and duration of words and syllables; and strained voice quality. Vowel prolongation was hoarse and unsteady. Speech alternating motion rates (AMRs) were slow and irregular.

Strained vocal quality

Phonation

A 61-year-old woman presented with a 6-year history of progressive coordination difficulty and an 18-month history of speech difficulty. Neurologic examination confirmed the presence of gait ataxia, upper limb incoordination, slow and ataxic eye movements, and dysarthria.
During speech evaluation she described speaking as a "real effort." She had to speak more slowly to be understood but admitted an inability to speak more rapidly. Oral mechanism examination was normal except that her cough was poorly coordinated. Her speech was characterized by slow rate; irregular articulatory breakdowns; excess and equal stress; abnormal alterations in pitch, loudness, and duration of words and syllables; and strained voice quality. Vowel prolongation was hoarse and unsteady. Speech alternating motion rates (AMRs) were slow and irregular.

Slow and irregular speech AMR

Articulation