Grade 10 Life Sciences June Examination Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering Grade 10 Life Sciences concepts including human anatomy, plant physiology, cell biology, and biochemistry based on a June common test.

Renal artery

The blood vessel that carries blood to the kidneys.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

The first scientist to see living cells using a microscope.

Benedict's solution

The chemical used to test for the presence of glucose.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon.

Axial skeleton

The part of the human skeleton consisting of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Potometer

The instrument used to measure the rate of transpiration in plants.

Vascular bundle

A plant structure consisting of the sclerenchyma cap, phloem, cambium, and xylem.

Phloem tissue

Conducting tissue consisting of sieve tubes and companion cells that transports manufactured food from the leaves to all parts of the plant.

Polysaccharide

A large molecule formed when more than two monosaccharides are joined together.

Goblet cells

Specialized cells in ciliated columnar epithelial tissue that produce mucus.

Amino acids

The monomers that serve as the building blocks of proteins.

Chromoplast

A plastid that gives red, yellow, and orange pigment to plants.

Cranium

The part of the human skull that encloses and protects the brain.

Atria

The upper chambers of the heart.

Ligaments

Connective tissue that joins bone to bone.

Tendons

Connective tissue that joins muscle to bone.

Parenchyma

Plant tissue that acts as a packaging tissue, stores food in the form of starch, and allows for the movement of water and gases.

Lignin

A substance used to strengthen the cellulose cell walls of xylem to prevent them from collapsing under suction pressure.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane (such as visking tubing) along a concentration gradient.

Active transport

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient requiring energy or carrier molecules.

Mitochondrion

The organelle that produces and stores energy during cellular respiration to ensure proper cell function.

Pepsin

A protein-digestive enzyme found in stomach fluid that has an optimum temperature of $37\,^{\circ}C$.

Transpiration pull

One of the three forces, along with root pressure and capillarity, responsible for the upward movement of water from roots to leaves.

Leukemia

A type of cancer affecting blood cells caused by abnormal stem cells in the bone marrow producing defective or immature blood.

Cancer

A disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division in the body.