Serology

Agglutination

________ will occur if antigens on RBCs were also on the stained material.

What is the shape affected by?

size, angle, velocity, and texture

What is P30 used for?

it is isolated and injected into a rabbit where antibodies are produced

EAP

________: determined by the intensity of the fluorescence.

Elliptical

________: blood droplet elongates as the angle decreases from 90 to 0 degrees.

impact area

The ________ is called the target surface.

Elution

________: breaking of antibody- antigen bond.

Antiserum

________ on blood stain causes antibodies to mix with specific antigens.

PGM

________: electrophoresis can separate the protein components into iso- enzymes.

Enzymes

________: proteins that speed up or slow down chemical reactions.

Overall direction of blood flow

________ can be determined by impact shape.

blood droplet

Once a(n) ________ impacts a surface, a bloodstain is formed.

polymorphic enzymes

enzymes that exist in different forms

Typing of Dried Blood Stains

Absorption-elution technique

Elution

breaking of antibody-antigen bond

Enzymes

proteins that speed up or slow down chemical reactions

PGM

electrophoresis can separate the protein components into iso-enzymes

EAP

determined by the intensity of the fluorescence

Elliptical

blood droplet elongates as the angle decreases from 90 to 0 degrees

Point/Area of Convergence

location of the blood source can be determined by drawing lines connecting the various blood droplets

iso-enzymes

separate proteins of polymorphic enzymes

Absorption-elution technique

Antiserum on blood stain causes antibodies to mix with specific antigens. Known RBCs are added. Agglutination will occur if the antigens on RBCs were also on the stained material.

True or false: a blood droplet will not remain spherical in the air.

False

True or false: Two droplets falling from the same height and angle and hitting the same surface will produce the same shape.

True

What can bloodstain evidence show?

Origins of bloodstain, distance of bloodstain from target, direction from which blood impacted, speed with which blood left its source, position and movement of the victim and assailant, and the number of blows/shots.

True or false: droplet volume is not dependent on the place it originates from

False

Impact area of blood droplets

Target Surface

What is the range of normal droplet volume?

0.03-0.15 cc

What kind of edges will a blood droplet have on clean glass or plastic?

smooth outside edges

What kind of edges will a blood droplet have on rough surfaces?

scalloped edges

What kind of evidence is a bloodstain pattern?

Circumstantial