Principles of Anatomy and Physiology - The Autonomic Nervous System

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the chapter on the Autonomic Nervous System.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord; responsible for sensory input and motor output.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Contains all the nerves outside the CNS, including the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements by innervating skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Part of the PNS that regulates involuntary body functions, including heart rate and digestion.

Sympathetic Nervous System

The division of the ANS that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The division of the ANS that conserves energy and is responsible for 'rest and digest' activities.

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

A division of the ANS that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system.

Dual Innervation

Most organs receive innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Preganglionic Neuron

A neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion.

Postganglionic Neuron

A neuron that transmits impulses from an autonomic ganglion to visceral effectors.

Cholinergic Neurons

Neurons that release acetylcholine (ACh) as their neurotransmitter.

Adrenergic Neurons

Neurons that release norepinephrine (NE) as their neurotransmitter.

Autonomic Reflex Arc

The pathway followed by nerve impulses in the autonomic system, consisting of a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neurons, and effectors.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

An exaggerated response of the sympathetic nervous system, often seen in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Raynaud Phenomenon

A condition characterized by excessive sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the digits, leading to discoloration and pain.