ME Flashcards

What is Mesopotamia often referred to as?

The Cradle of Civilization.

What key figure is associated with Judaism?

Abraham.

Who is the God worshipped in Judaism?

Yahweh.

What is the dispersion of Jews outside of Israel called?

Jewish Diaspora.

What is monotheism?

The belief in one God.

What is the significance of Jerusalem in Judaism?

It is home to the Temple of Solomon, the Second Temple, and the Western Wall.

Who is the prophet associated with Islam?

Muhammad.

What are the two holy cities in Islam?

Mecca and Medina.

What is the Arabic word for God in Islam?

Allah.

What is the Islamic holy book called?

The Koran.

What system of leadership succeeded Muhammad?

Caliphate.

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj.

What does Shahada represent in Islam?

The declaration of faith.

What is the significance of the Kaaba?

It is the most sacred site in Islam.

What were the two main sects of Islam that arose after Muhammad's death?

Shia and Sunni.

What dynasty is known for its expansion and power in the Islamic world?

The Umayyad dynasty.

What dynasty followed the Umayyad dynasty?

The Abbasid dynasty.

What empire controlled much of the Middle East and parts of Europe for centuries?

The Ottoman Empire.

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

Osman I.

What were the elite infantry units of the Ottoman Empire called?

Janissaries.

Who was the most prominent ruler of the Ottoman Empire, known for his long reign?

Suleyman.

What did the Tanzimat reforms aim to do?

Modernize the Ottoman Empire and stave off decline.

What was the term used to describe the Ottoman Empire's status in the 19th century?

The Sick man of Europe.

What event during WWI greatly affected Armenians in the Ottoman Empire?

The Armenian Massacre.