Cell Division & Genetics
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17 Terms
What is the purpose of cell division?
Cell division serves a purpose of reproducing cells for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged or dead cells.
What are the two main types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis.
What happens during mitosis?
A single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Each of these daughter cells has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes.
What role does DNA play in genetics?
DNA carries genetic information that determines the traits and characteristics of an organism.
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.
How are traits inherited?
Traits are inherited through the transmission of genes from parents to offspring.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
The observable physical or biochemical characteristics resulting from the phenotype.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to an organism’s genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable physical/biochemical traits resulting from the genotype.
What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis is significant in sexual reproduction because it produces gametes that have half the chromosome number of the parent cell. This ensures genetic diversity when fertilization occurs.
Allele
A variant form of a gene that determines a specific trait or characteristic of an organism
Explain the role of RNA in protein synthesis
RNA acts as a messenger that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled with the help of transfer RNA
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and mitotic phase (M phase)
What is the principle of independant assortment?
Alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another during meiosis, leading to genetic variation in offspring.
What is a gamete?
Sperm and egg cells
What is a zygote?
The fertilized egg formed when male gamete (sperm) combines with a female gamete (egg). It’s the first stage of development for a new organism