HEALTH SCIENCE 1 ALL

Scrotum

Sac of skin that contains the testes

How many testes are there

2

How big are the testes?

about the size of an egg

The testes are what type of reproductive organ

primary reproductive organ

Seminiferous tubules

each testis contains these convoluted tubules

What structure stores sperm

epididymis

Epididymis

coiled duct on the posterior and lateral part of the testes.

Sperm

male gamete

What is the length of the Vas Deferens?

45 centimeters long

What type of structure is the Vas Deferens?

A thick-walled tube

What does the Vas Deferens connect?

The testes with the urethra

What surgical procedure involves severing the Vas Deferens?

VASectomy

What is the purpose of a VASectomy?

To make a male sterile

what are Seminal Vesicles

a pair of glands

where are Seminal Vesicles located

 in the pelvis superior to the rectum, inferior to the fundus of the bladder and posterior to the prostate

Ejaculatory duct

two hollow tubules formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle.

Ejaculatory duct is connected to the

epididymis via the vas deferens

Urethra

Connects to reproductive system ducts, passageway for urine and sperm, serves also in urinary system

Prostate gland

surrounds the urethra, located at the neck of the bladder

Prostate gland about the size of a

walnut

Bulbourethral glands location

located below the prostate

Bulbourethral glands size

pea

Penis is what type of tissue

erectile tissue

Penis function

Erectile tissue that engorges with blood when a male becomes aroused. During an orgasm, secretions are expelled into the urethra.

Prepuce (aka foreskin)

covers the tip of the penis

Male Reproduction function

Produce, maintain and transport sperm and semen. Produce and secrete male sex hormones

Hormone production- Testosterone

stimulates the growth and development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

Seminiferous tubules

formation of sperm

Epididymis – assists in

final development of sperm and stores sperm

Urethra function

serves both the reproductive and urinary systems, discharges reproductive contents

Bulbourethral glands aka

Cowper’s gland

Bulbourethral glands adds

alkaline secretions to the semen.

Sperm function is to

fertilize an egg and transmit information 100 million in 1 mL of ejaculated fluid

Seminal Vesicles

produces secretions to nourish sperm

Prostate gland function

produces a fluid that enhances sperm motility and assists with the expulsion of sperm

The Vas deferens carries

sperm out of the testes.

Ejaculatory duct function

discharges sperm into the urethra

Pathway of sperm

Testes, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Ejaculatory duct, Urethra (TEVEU)

Epididymitis

infection of the epididymis usually caused by sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections, and prostate infections,

Epididymitis affected structures

Epididymis becomes swollen and painful usually in one testicle.

Epididymitis tx

Antibiotics

Erectile Dysfunction

also known as impotence, failure of the penis to become rigid enough for intercourse to occur

Erectile Dysfunction caused by

medication, chronic illnesses, poor blood flow to the penis (common in males with diabetes), drinking too much alcohol and being tired

Erectile Dysfunction affected structures

penis

Erectile Dysfunction tx

medications, therapy, lifestyle changes, implants

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

dysuria (difficulty urinating) and urinary retention, frequent urge to urinate but can only urinate a small amount. Usually seen in older men

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) affected structures

enlarged prostate

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) tx

Depends on symptoms, medication to start then possibly surgery if medication isn’t effective or symptoms continue to worsen (increased frequency of infections or kidney issues)

Prostate Cancer affected structures

tumor in the prostate

Prostate Cancer usually has no symptoms until it is

 large enough or spreads then symptoms like urinary frequency, trouble starting and stopping urination and others

Prostate Cancer is usually

slow growing

Prostate Cancer tx

prostatectomy, radiation, chemotherapy

Cryptorchidism tx

If testicle doesn’t move into scrotum on its own, the condition can be surgically corrected

Testicular Cancer tx

Chemo, radiation, surgery

For Testicular Cancer Beginning at age 15, males should perform monthly self exams to

check for lumps or swelling in testicles.

Cryptorchidism

Occurs when one or both testes do not make their way from abdomen into the scrotum.

Cryptorchidism is also known as

undescended testicle

Testicular Cancer symptoms

testicle lump, aching in groin, scrotal heaviness, scrotal swelling, back pain, and breast development

Ovary

Female gonad

Ova

female gamete

Fallopian Tubes aka

oviduct or uterine tube

Fallopian Tubes is how long

4 inches long

What structure is not attached to the ovaries

Fallopian Tubes

Uterus shape

hollow pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ

Uterus location

posterior to the urinary bladder and  anterior to the rectum

Uterus layers

Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium

Endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

Myometrium

middle, muscular layer of the uterus

Perimetrium

visceral peritoneum, layer around the uterus

Cervix

Narrow opening to the uterus.

Cervix location

lower or opening end of the uterus on top of the vagina

Cervix size

1’ in length

Vagina aka

birth canal

Vagina length

10 cm

Vagina appearance

smooth muscle lined with a mucous membrane

Hymen

a perforated membrane that may cover the external opening of the vagina 

External genitalia aka

Vulva

Clitoris type of tissue

erectile tissue

Labia

folds of skin surrounding the vagina

Labia majora

outer fatty folds (fat deposits that surround entrance to the vagina

Labia minora –

inner folds

Perineum

area between vagina and rectum

Mammary glands aka

breasts

Mammary glands (breasts) contains

granular and adipose tissue

Areola

darkened area that surrounds the nipple

Nipple

center of breast

Functions of the female reproductive system

Hormones -Estrogen and Progesterone, Ovulation, Menstruation, Conception , Pregnancy, Menopause (HOMCPM)

Prolactin

stimulates breast milk production

What does the Ovary produce?

ova and female hormones.

What does the ovary contain

egg cells

Estrogen fx

Develops and maintains both the reproductive and female characteristics

Progesterone fx

regulates condition of inner lining of the uterus, prepares this lining for the potential to accept a fertilized egg

Female hormones produced by the ovary are

Estrogen, and progesterone

Synthetic Estrogen and Progesterone are used in

oral contraceptives (birth control pills)

Fallopian tubes serves as the

passageway for the ova to travel to the uterus every month.

fertilization usually occurs in the

fallopian tubes

expands to hold the growing fetus

Uterus

How often does the ova travel to the uterus

every month

Cervix allows for

flow of menstrual blood to exit, allows for entrance of sperm

What is the function of the vagina in the menstrual cycle?

Serves as a conduit for menstrual flow