10 Elementary Steps

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Last updated 4:03 AM on 4/13/26
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10 Terms

1
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proton transfer step

bronsted acid donates H+ to a base forming a conjugate acid and conjugate base.

<p>bronsted acid donates H+ to a base forming a conjugate acid and conjugate base.</p>
2
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Sn2 step

substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular

nucleophile bonds to substrate while bond to leaving group is broken

<p>substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular</p><p>nucleophile bonds to substrate while bond to leaving group is broken</p>
3
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coordination

forms a single covalent bond (no bond breaking)

Lewis acid: accepts e's

Lewis base: donates e's

Lewis acid and base combine

<p>forms a single covalent bond (no bond breaking)</p><p>Lewis acid: accepts e's</p><p>Lewis base: donates e's</p><p>Lewis acid and base combine</p>
4
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Heterolysis

opposite of coordination, breaks a single covalent bond

<p>opposite of coordination, breaks a single covalent bond</p>
5
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nucleophilic addition

forms a covalent bond and breaks a pi bond

<p>forms a covalent bond and breaks a pi bond</p>
6
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nucleophilic elimination

form a pi bond and break a covalent sigma bond

<p>form a pi bond and break a covalent sigma bond</p>
7
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bimolecular elimination (E2)

proton and a leaving group are removed from substrate resulting in a new double or triple bond

<p>proton and a leaving group are removed from substrate resulting in a new double or triple bond</p>
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electrophile addition

use non polar pi bonds to engage w/ electrophiles.

creates a carbocation

<p>use non polar pi bonds to engage w/ electrophiles.</p><p>creates a carbocation</p>
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electrophile elimination

eliminates a proton from a carbocation. Froms a new double or triple bond

<p>eliminates a proton from a carbocation. Froms a new double or triple bond</p>
10
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carbocation rearrangements

hydride shift: H atom moves

alkyl shift: anything migrating that isn't H.

only rearrangements that give more stable carbocation (3) will occur.

<p>hydride shift: H atom moves</p><p>alkyl shift: anything migrating that isn't H.</p><p>only rearrangements that give more stable carbocation (3) will occur.</p>