Medical Terminology (Chabner) Digestive System

anus

an/o

p.t. the anus

anal

appendix

append/o

removal of the appendix

appendectomy

gallbladder

cholecyst/o

removal of the gallbladder

cholecystectomy

colon (large intestine)

col/o

opening of the colon to the outside of the body

colostomy

colon

colon/o

v.e. of the colon

colonoscopy

duodenum (1st part of the small intestine)

duoden/o

p.t. the duodenum (1st part of the small intestine)

duodenal

esophagus

esophag/o

p.t. the esophagus

esophageal

stomach

gastr/o

stomach pain

gastralgia

liver

hepat/o

enlargement of the liver

hepatomegaly

ileum

ile/o

new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

ileostomy

jejunum (2nd part of the small intestine)

jejun/o

new surgical opening between the stomach and the jejunum. procedure is called anastomosis.

gastrojejunostomy

mouth

or/o

p.t. the mouth

oral

pancreas

pancreat/o

infl. of the pancreas

pancreatitis

pharynx (throat)

pharyng/o

p.t. the pharynx (throat)

pharyngeal

anus and rectum

proct/o

inspection of the anus and rectum with a proctoscope (endoscope)

proctoscopy

rectum

rect/o

hernia (protrusion) of the rectum into the vagina

rectocele

sigmoid colon (S shaped lower portion of the colon)

sigmoid/o

v.e. of the sigmoid colon with an endoscope inserted through the anus and rectum.

sigmoidoscopy

mouth

stomat/o

infl. of the mouth

stomatitis

abnormal condition of gallstones

cholelithiasis

chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells

cirrhosis

condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

colonic polyposis

abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon)

diverticulosis

infl. and infection within diverticula

diverticulitis

a condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

infl of the liver

hepatitis

infl. of the terminal (last) portion of the ileum (Crohn disease) or infl. of the colon (ulcerative colitis)

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

cancer (primary) of the liver

hepatocellular carcinoma

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia)

jaundice

a series of cross-sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs

abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan

Magnetic waves create images of abdominal organs in all three planes of the body.

abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

x-ray examination of the bile ducts

Cholangiography

bile ducts

cholangi/o

v.e. of the gastrointestinal tract (colonoscopy)

gastrointestinal endoscopy

v.e. of the esophagus

esophagoscopy

v.e. of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope

gastroscopy

feces are tested for blood; stool guaiac test. Important screen test for colon cancer.

hemoccult test

measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood. Enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged (as in hepatitis)

Liver function test (LFTs)

feces are placed in a growth medium (culture) to test for microorganisms (such as bacteria)

Stool culture

CT scans, MRI, and computers are used to produce two- and three-dimentional images of the colon. also called CT colonography.

virtual colonoscopy

surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs (cholecystejejunostomy)

anastomosis

common bile duct

choledoch/o

surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body.

ileostomy

removal of organs or tissues via a laparoscope

laparoscopic surgery

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GERD

gastrointestinal

GI

inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)

IBD

irritable bowel syndrome

IBS

liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)

LFTs

organ that receives food from the esophagus and sends it to the intestine

stomach

opening that is the beginning of the digestive system

mouth

S shaped lower portion of the colon

sigmoid colon

final section of the colon

rectum

opening of the colon to the outside of the body

anus

small sac that hangs from the beginning of the large intestine

appendix

organ that makes bile, stores sugar, and produces proteins to clot blood

liver

sac that stores bile

gallbladder

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine

common bile duct

gland that makes both digestive juices and insulin (hormone)

pancreas

x-ray images of the GI tract obtained after introduction of a radiopaque liquid into the rectum or mouth

barium test

The Digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.

Digestive System