Introduction to Building Sanitary Utilities / Plumbing Fixtures (copy)

1. To supply water to different parts of the building

2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of the building into public sewer, septic tank or STP.

3. To intercept or drain stormwater from roof and open areas.

OBJECTIVES OF SANITARY UTILITIES

PLUMBING

The art and science of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and to discharge waste and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property.

PLUMBER

a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation and was derived from theancient Roman word “Plumbarius” which was taken from the Latin word “Plumbum”.

PLUMBING SYSTEM

refers to the network of pipes, fixtures, and fittings that facilitate the distribution of water throughout buildings for various purposes such as drinking, bathing, washing, andsanitation. It also includes the drainage system responsible for removing wastewater andsewage from buildings to prevent contamination and maintain public health.

PLUMBING SYSTEM

includes all potable water, building supply and distribution pipes; all plumbing fixtures and traps; all drainage and vent pipes; and all building drains and building sewers, including their respective joints and connections, devices, receptors, and appurtenances within the property lines of the premises and shall include potable water piping, potable water treating or using equipment, medical gas and medical vacuum systems, liquid and fuel gas piping, and water heaters and vents for same (Sec 202.0 UPC of the Philippines 2013)

1. Water Supply & Distribution (Cold Water, Hot Water)

2. Drainage, Waste and Vent (DWV)

3. Storm Drainage System

TYPES OF PLUMBING SYSTEM

PLUMBING UNIT

a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation. As defined in the Plumbing Code, one plumbing unit includes: see figure on the right.

FIXTURE UNITS

refer to a standardized measure used to quantify the demand on a plumbing system caused by various plumbing fixtures. It allows for the calculation of the size and capacity of pipes, drains, and other components of the plumbing system.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

refer to devices or appliances connected to the plumbing system that provide specific functions related to water usage or drainage. This includes sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and similar items installed permanently in buildings.

PLUMBING APPLIANCE

anyone of a special class of device or equipment intended to perform a special plumbing function. Such device or equipment may operate automatically or may bemanually controlled by the user or operator

PLUMBING APPURTENANCES

a manufactured device, a prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of component parts, which serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and fixtures. It demands no additional water supply, nor does it add any discharge load to a fixture or the drainage system.

WATER CLOSET

Fixture used to received human excrement and to discharge it through a waste pipe, using water a conveying medium. Also called “Toilet”

BLOWOUT WATER CLOSET

does not depend upon the siphoning in the trapwayinstead uses a strong driving jet action to create a quick and powerful flush.

REVERSE TRAP WATER CLOSET

water enters through rim punching and jets that fills the rear trapway, creating a siphoning action. This type has a large exposed water surface, thus reducing fouling and staining of bowl interior. It provides an efficient flushing but is moderately noisy.

SIPHON-JET WATER CLOSET

water enters through rim punching and jets placedin an up-leg of the rear trapway completely, creating a siphonicaction. It maintains a large amount of standing water to preventfouling. It is mechanically efficient but expensive.

SIPHON VORTEX WATER CLOSET

water enters through diagonal holes around the rim creating a vortex that draws the water down into the rear trap with a swirling action that scours the walls of the bowl. Considered to be the most quiet, most efficient, and most sanitary water closet.

WASHDOWN WATER CLOSET

water enters through an open rim, much the same as a bucket of water is being dumped into the bowl, filling the front trap way and creating a siphonic action. Most easily recognized by a bulge on the front. There is only small amount of standing water making it susceptible to fouling, staining and contamination. This type is the least expensive but the noisiest

One-piece Water Closet

A water closet fixture manufactured with the bowl and the flush tank molded into a single unit. Usually used in tandem with the bidet.

Closed Coupled Water Closet

A water closet wherein the flush tank is separate but is attached to the toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model.

Pail Flush Water Closet

A water closet comprising only of a bowl without a flush tank. Flushing action is obtained only through water poured from a pail or bucket. This is used in areas where running water systems are not available.

Squat Bowl Water

A water closet that is otherwise known as “Eastern type” since the user assumes a squatting position rather than a sitting position.

FLUSHOMETER TANK TYPE

Water is stored in a pressurized vessel and flushed under a pressure ranging between 25 and 35 psi. It has a capacity of 5 to 6 gallons.

FLUSHOMETER VALVE TYPE

Uses the water supply line pressure to flush the water closet. Designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing purposes. It is activated by direct water pressure without the use of a flush tank. It requires 10 to 20 psi flow pressure.

GRAVITY FLUSH TYPE

used with tank-type water closets, water is not under pressure and flushes by gravity.

Round Front Water Closet

Water closet intended for installation on a limited space

Elongated Front Water Closet

Water closet that is more comfortable but occupies a larger space

LAVATORY

A fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face. It is also known as wash basin.

• WALL-MOUNTED / WALL-HUNG

• PEDESTAL

• CORNER

• DROP-IN

• UNDERMOUNT

• VESSEL

LAVATORY TYPES ACCORDING TO INSTALLATION

WALL-MOUNTED LAVATORY

has a built-in waterseal trap or a P-trap with a washdown or siphon-jet flushing action

URINAL

A sanitary fixture equipped with a water supply and drain for flushing away urine.

PEDESTAL URINAL

a urinal not connected to the wall but mounted on a single base for support

STALL URINAL

a urinal in which the base and sides are molded in one piece and the entire fixture rests `on the floor.

WALL-HUNG URINAL

a urinal that is fastened to the wall and does not touch the floor

SINK

A plumbing fixture usually consisting of a basin with a water supply, connected with adrain.

SCULLERY SINK

large, deep sinks, used in messhall-type facilities

SLOP SINK

A deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails of dirty water and mop cleaning.

SCRUB SINK

located in operating room in a hospital to enable personnel to scrub their hands to a surgical procedure; hot and cold water supply is activated by a knee-action mixing valve or by wrist or pedal control.

KITCHEN SINK

A plumbing fixture consisting a basin with water supply and connected to a drain which has a strainer to prevent food waste from entering the waste system.

Drinking Fountain

A fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a water jet designed to provide potable water for human consumption.

Laundry Tub

A deep wide sink used for washing clothes. It is also known as Laundry Tray or Set Tub.

SHOWERBATH/SHOWER

An apparatus for spraying water in the body, usually from above. Drain is through the shower bath floor drain.

BIDETS

A plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the genitals. Also known as Sitz Bath.

Bath tub

A tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one person. It is available in left outlet and right outlet.