Biology Midterm

Define Biology

The study of life

What part of the visible spectrum does chlorophyll absorb the most?

Violet blue and orange red

What part of the cell surrounds organelles and provides structure?

Cytoplasm

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen

Which substance has a pH of 3

Acidic

What element must have a molecule to be organic?

Carbon

What is the control group in an experiment?

The group without treatment

Theories can be _____

revised

True or false: Plant and bacteria have cell walls

True

Which gas is required for cellular respiration?

Oxygen

What did matthias schleiden conclude about plants?

they are composed of cells

Which transport moves molecules with a carrier protein?

Facilitated diffusion

What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?

-ase

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

sun, water, carbon dioxide

What is a covalent bond?

Sharing electrons

Why is water considered polar

Hydrogen is slightly positive, oxygen is slightly negative

How do enzymes affect reactions?

They lower activation energy

What property of the plasma membrane allows selective transport?

Permeability

What is the primary function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris

What property of water causes the meniscus in a graduated cylinder?

Adhesion

What unit is equal to 100 millileters?

1 DL

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis

What transport requires energy?

Active transport

What is a solution?

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout

What is the main component of the plasma membrane?

Phospholipid

Which organelle regulates molecule entry and exit in the cell?

Cellular membrane

What conclusion can be made if a cell has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles?

The cell is eukaryotic

What type of macromolecules are enzymes

Proteins

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis

Convert solar energy into chemical energy

What are monomers of proteins?

Amino acids

Which type of cells lacks a membrane - enclosed nucleus?

Prokaryotic

Which subatomic particles make up atoms?

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria

Animal cells have ____

Centrioles and no cell walls

Which process occurs when lactic acid is produced in muscles?

Anaerobic respiration

Why do leaves change colors in the fall?

Temperate drops to stop chlorophyll production

What structure contains the cells DNA?

Nucleus