Apush progressive/gilded age

19th Amendment

-Women’s Suffrage

-Most of the west allowed women to have full suffrage due to their rough lifestyles

17th Amendment

Starts the direct election of senators by the people

-Prior to this, senators were chosen by state legislatures

16th Amendment

Progressive federal income tax

-The more you make the more they take

Robber Barrons

- People who would do anything to get filthy rich

- People who got rich from the work of the poor

- Exploit the labor of the working class

Andrew Carnegie

The owner of U.S. steel and a great philanthropist.

JP Morgan

The Banking Robber Baron would create the General Electric company

-GE will be one of the largest companies in history

Ida B. Wells

Progressive Muckraker who wrote against corruption and criticized the Women’s suffrage movement for racism. 

-Will write extensively on the obviousness of women voting

-Many women will not accept her even though they accepted her work

-If Wells showed up to a rally, the rally would become something more than just women’s suffrage

Cornelius Vanderbilt

- Will get disgustingly rich

- Railroad Robert Baron

- Took over the American Railroad industry (and standardized it)

- One of the wealthiest men in history

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s (TR) plan to improve American life and consisted of four parts.

1. Regulate Transportation (Railroad)

2. Settle Strikes (Coal Strike, TR gets a compromise between Unions and Owners)

3. Conservation

-Cares about the natural environment and preserving it

4. Break Trusts 

John D. Rockefeller

Owner of Standard Oil. The Wealthiest American in history. 

18th Amendment

Prohibition 

-Police knew where the alcohol was

-Criminals will take over the industry (Al Capone owned Chicago)

Laissez-Faire

The French term that means “hands-off.” The government will leave businesses alone

Angel island

The main port of entry for immigrants on the West Coast until 1920

-Same rules for Ellis island applied here

-Most immigrants to San Francisco from Asia

Trust

When several competing companies are owned by one person.

Ellis Island

The main port of entry for immigrants on the East Coast until 1920

Monopoly

When one company dominates business in a given area and eliminates its competition 

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Outlawed monopolies and Trusts. Not enforced until 1901

Nativism

Hatred of Immigrants 

Chinese Exclusion Act

Prohibited Chinese immigration to the U.S. in the late 1800s

-So many Chinese, and so many trying to come in

-People were concerned Chinese would take over the nation

Horatio Alger

Wrote Rags to Riches stories about the gilded age. 

Alien Land Law

Prohibited Asians from owning farmland in the early 1900s

Social Darwinism

The idea that some people are “more fit” to live in society than others (Eugenics).

Susan B. Anthony

Leader of the Women’s suffrage movement, from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s. 

Hull House

One Stop for the poor, set up in Chicago by Jane Addams 

Mother Jones (Mary)

Advocates for Children and factory workers. Her slogan was “More schools and fewer hospitals.” Organized orphan marches

Upton Sinclair

Author of the Jungle, a novel that explored America’s meat industry.

Granges

Farmer’s Unions 

Populist Party

The Farmer’s Party, absorbed by the Democratic party, led by William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and 1900

ICC

A government agency established to regulate the railroad.

AFL

American Federation of Labor. The largest skilled labor union in the country. Led by Samuel Gompers. Skilled labor (trades like welding, construction, etc) will ban together.

Muckrakers

Progressive authors who expose social problems 

Progressive Movement

Umbrella term for several smaller movements around the turn of the century (1890s-1910)

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 supreme court case that says segregation is legal as long as separate facilities are equal

Granger Cases

Series of Supreme Court Cases that say states may only regulate Intrastate trade, not interstate 

-Intra is within states, inter is between

IWW

The Largest unskilled labor union in the country. Led by Bill Haywood.

Strike

When workers walk off the job in protest. 

Row Houses and Tenements

Cheap overcrowded housing for the poor

Political Machines

A party or organization that is led by a single figurehead or small autocratic group that holds absolute political power or administrative control over a certain territory, city, county, or state.

Tammany Hall

New York City political organization created in 1786. It was a political machine in the later 19th century headed by the Democratic party. 

Boss Tweed

leader of the corrupt political organization known as Tammany Hall in New York City between the 1860s and 1870s. He became an extremely powerful figure in the hall (lead it).

Thomas Nast

A German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who made many cartoons against figures such as Boss Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party. He is said to be the “Father of the American Cartoon.”He would take down Boss Tweed, depict the modern image of Santa, and would create the Democrat Donkey and Republican elephant.

Scab

Someone who replaces a striking worker (a term used by the Unions).

Collective Bargaining

Group negotiations between labor and ownership 

Yellow Dog Contract

When a worker signs a contract agreeing to never join a union.

Blacklist

List of Union workers that owners agree to not hire.

Lockout

When factories won’t open because labor costs are too high. 

Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike, Haymarket affair

Late 19th century strikes where the government favors owners over unions.