World Wars - World

Pre WW1 rivalry - France/Germany

Germany took the territory Alsace-Lorraine and the natural resources in it from France and Germany also recently beat France in a France/Prussia war. France is mad and Germany is '“richer”

Pre WW1 rivalry - Great Britain/Germany

Great Britain had a way more widespread and powerful colonial presence. while Germany was a newly formed country. German however had a better economy and GDP over GB

Pre WW1 rivalry - Russia/Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary has recently lost some land in Europe and South America, at the same time Russia was aiming to grow and gain Serbia. Russia had just recently lost the Crimean war against Japan and are behind economically compared to AH, who have access the the Mediterranean

Who was in the Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Who was in the Triple Entente (Allied Powers)

France, Japan, Russia, Great Britain, and later the United States

What was the triggering event for WW1

The assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

He was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire as well as slavic nationalism, caused fear of Serbian takeover and general vulnerability

What does M.A.I.N. stand for

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Militarism in WW1 (causes)

rivalries cause growth in military

Alliances in WW1 (causes)

Formed to promotes peace and give backup to those attacked

Where did most of the fighting in WW1 happen

The Western Front, between France and Belgium

Experiences during trench warfare

soldiers were exposed to gas attacks, rats, lice, trench foot, and often had ptsd due to bad conditions

Armenian Genocide

The Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were met with extreme hostility because the government was afraid that the Armenians would break off into their own territory and side with Russia during the war, the Armenians were the murdered and the Turkish govt is now denying it

Outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles

The League of Nations was created (excluding Germany), Germany payed heavily and was required to surrender all colonies demilitarize, pay 33 billion dollars, and accept guilt; the idea of self determination also grew

How did self-determination affect WW1 treaties

It affected how those making the treaties saw violence between nationalities in the same country and resulted in new borders promoting ethnic homogenity

Hyperinflation in Germany

Germany printed a ton of money to pay off debts resulting in an extreme economic collapse

Features of the Nazi political party

Goals were to unite all German speakers, create Lebensraum for Germans in eastern Europe, and to punish Jews and communists for their “role” in the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles

The Great Depression

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How did other nations initially respond to Hitler's remilitarization of Germany and conquest of German-speaking territories

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Freedoms taken away in the Holocaust

Immigration, travel (passports), religious freedom, restrictions on marriage, employment, etc

Pan-Aisianism ideas in Japan

Japan needed natural resources and space because of their growing population, prevalent ideas of racial superiority and militarism, wanted to be independent from western powers

How did WWII start

WWII started with the German invasion of Poland

Total war in WWII

Many countries involved used all of their available military power in order to win

How were civilians affected by WWII

More civilians than soldiers were killed during WWII, many atrocities were committed such as the Holocaust and the Nanjing atrocities, additionally civilians were exposed to extreme starvation, poverty, and bombings

Why didn’t Jews just leave Nazi Germany

Restrictions on immigration for Jews especially, restrictions on travel, identification through passports, deportations

Why did the Allies win WWII

More industrial power

Outcomes of the Nuremberg trials

roughly 200 Nazi leaders faced charges, 12 were sentenced to death, 3 were given life in prison, 4 were sent to prison for 10-20 years, and 3 were aquitted

Outcomes of the Tokyo trials

28 leading Japanese officials were put on trial, 25 were found guilty, 2 died during the trials, 1 was hospitalized, 18 were imprisoned, and 7 were executed by hanging

Victor’s justice

The winners of the war, even though they committed similar war crimes, didn’t get the same punishments as the losers