Exam Master Pearls

Signs of severe Shigella infection

HA, convulsions, seizures, lethargy, nuchal rigidity

MC complication of supracondylar fracture

cubitus varus (abnormal malignment of the elbow joint)

First line drug for ankylosing spondylitis

indomethacin

Immediate treatment for aortic dissection

IV labetolol

Initial treatment for rotator cuff tear

referral to PT

What does a (+) drop arm test mean?

rotator cuff tear

CA risk associated with celiac disease

intestinal lymphoma

TOC for legionella

azithromycin

35 YO woman w/ fatigue, heart valve + reticulocytosis

echocardiography

Pain that is worse in the AM/PM and improves with activity; forward stooping + lateral flexion of the spine

ankylosing spondylitis

Standard treatment for renal cell carcinoma

radical nephrectomy (resistant to chemotherapy)

Temporal lobe edema + NEURO signs

HSV encephalitis

Osteoarthritis risk factors

age, obesity, menopause, trauma, excessive use, infection

Tx. ophthalmia neonatorum

IV admission + evaluation

Russell bodies

bone marrow finding for MM

Pain w/ overhead use, (+)hawkins/neer sign

impingement syndrome

Bedwetting at night w/ new sibling

only UA required

Tx for bullous pemphigoid

prednisone PO

Tx. Wilm's tumor

combo chemo post-surgery

Cost-basis Q for CEO

telehealth programs

What needs to be done to clear a boy with Marfan's syndrome before playing a sport?

echocardiogram to r/o cardiac issues

How can you know that an interosseous needle is placed correctly?

if the needle stays upright without support

First line medication for anal fissure

NTG ointment

Tx. for renal cell carcinoma

radical nephrectomy

Tx. for baby who presents with epistaxis, midwife

IV vitamin K

66 YO man w/ well-controlled DM II - MCC of his pneumonia?

strep pneumo

Management of patient w/ CHF + severe left ventricular dysfunction

defibrillator device

Findings on lung exam in a patient w/ PCP(PJP)

NO FINDINGS!

Chelation therapy guidelines for lead poisoning

PO: 45-69 mcg/dL

hospitalize: >70 mcg/dL

Symptoms of vulvar Paget's disease

intense pruritis of the vulva w/ eczema lesions

What class of diuretic should be avoided in a patient w/ Ca++ oxalate stones?

loop diuretics

Tx. for early Alzheimer's disese

donepezil (aricept)

If thiazide diuretic is not working, how do you manage the patient?

increase the dose of the thiazide diuretic

Osteoma

benign, bony neoplasm of the temporal bone

Tx. actinic keratosis

5-FU cream or cryotherapy

Tx. vestibular schwannoma if patient is not a good surgical candidate

gamma knife radiosurgery

Drug to give to delay endometrial CA

progestin

Which vitamin is lacking in a baby's diet w/ exclusive breastfeeding?

vitamin D

Tx. Herpes Zoster itchiness

aluminum acetate solution

Blood findings specifically for post-splenectomy patients

Howell-Jolly bodies

Initial tx. for hypercalcemia

normal saline(NS)

Drug given to baby w/ HIV(+) mom

zidovudine (NRTI - prevents viral replication)

Tx. for ASD before closure of the valve

lasix, then indomethacin

(+)drop arm test

tendinitis

PATHO of cluster HA

increased trigeminal nerve & PNS activity leads to vasodilation

How to prevent spread of Measles to close contacts

MMR vaccination

Tx. apneic baby

(+)pressure ventilation

Initial tx. for presbycusis

hearing aids

Confirmatory test for erythema multiforme

skin biopsy

pH level seen w/ Bacterial Vaginosis

pH > 4.5

Leriche syndrome

absent femoral, popliteal + pedal pulses

Leriche syndrome triad

(Aortoilliac occlusive disease) hip/thigh/butt claudication, impotence, symmetric atrophy of lower extremities

What must be prevented in cases of hepatic encephalopathy?

constipation

How to decrease the risk of Ca++ oxalate stones

administer Ca++ supplements w/ meals

Indirect inguinal hernia

intestinal sac enters the deep inguinal ring, lateral to Hesselbach's triangle

Test to ID post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

anti-DNase B serology

First line treatment for Spinal Stenosis

regular exercise program

MC complication after fixing ASD

SVT/arrythmia

What Intellectual Disability is Autism associated w/?

Fragile X Syndrome

Method of renal toxicity of IV acyclovir

renal tubule obstruction

First line treatment for fecal impaction

mineral oil enema or digital removal

Tx. for mycoplasma PNA

azithromycin

Initial tx. for STABLE uterine atony, refractory to oxytocin

bimanual uterine massage

Can HSV cause erythema multiforme?

YES

Common risk factor for Pyloric Stenosis

first born boys

Initial evaluation of Condyloma Acuminata

test for other STDs

What spinal abnormality is seen w/ Marfan Syndrome?

kyphoscoliosis or scoliosis

CA risk in patients w/ Rheumatoid Arthritis

lymphoma

Test used to help rule-in essential tremor

TSH

Vitamin B2 deficiency (riboflavin)

angular stomatitis + cheilosis

Where does Acetazolamide act?

the ciliary body epithelium

Dx. tool for Tinea Versicolor

UV (Wood's) light - shows orange fluorescence

How to decrease complications of poor performance in the OR

perform post-operative case briefing after surgery

Best test to confirm Thalassemia

globin gene testing

Which is the initial step in a patient w/ no history of DM who has polydipsia: blood glucose levels or DDAVP?

blood glucose levels

Vitamin B6 deficiency

peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatosis, glossitis, cheilosis

Gold standard dx. tool for endometriosis

laparoscopy

Management of swallowed foreign body in the stomach

repeat X-ray to ensure passage

Achondroplasia

shortened long bones w/ a large head circumference

Signs of hypercalcemia

constipation, anorexia, vomiting + coma

Tx. for ACUTE ATTACK of Meniere's disease

diazepam (valium)

If an under age girl wants to request contraceptive counseling, is this OK?

YES

How many CEUs are needed per two years for license as a PA?

100 CME credits

First line tx. for Endometritis

IV clindamycin + gentamicin

Hormone levels ordered to test for Cryptorchidism

LH, FSH, testosterone + Ultrasound

Pathway associated w/ ADHD

Dopamine

Best site to establish IV access in an infant

proximal anteromedial tibia

MC location for anal fissure

posterior anal verge

Common sx. for Polycystic Kidney Disease

abdominal/flank pain, bloody urine, HTN & recurrent UTIs

Use of Ursodiol

gallstone prevention in obese patients w/ rapid weight loss

Shiny mass in ear + course of action

use alligator forceps to remove the foreign body

Tracheoesophageal fistula

newborn presents w/ choking, cyanosis + copious secretions

Drug used to improve outcomes with Subarachnoid hemorrhage

nimodipine

First line treatment for gastroparesis in those with DM

metoclopramide

Tx. of choice for uterine leiomyoma (drug)

leuprorelin

Man on skiing vacation has severe, bilateral eye pain

dx. using fluorescein stain

Drug of choice (fastest-acting) for GAD

diazepam

Tx. of choice for Tinea Corporis

clotrimazole 1% cream

JUPITER trial study Q

confounding since rosuvustatin lowers both CRP + LDL cholesterol

Crescent sign + subchondral collapse

avascular necrosis