ID drugs

Macrobid / Macrodantin generic name?

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin brand name(s)?

Macrobid; Macrodantin

Nitrofurantoin drug class?

Antibiotic

Nitrofurantoin indication(s)?

Urinary tract infections

Nitrofurantoin MOA?

inhibits acetyl-coenzyme A which interferes with carbohydrate metabolism in bacteria

Nitrofurantoin adverse effects?

N/V, urine discoloration, rare- C. diff infection, hemolytic anemia (in G6PD deficiency)

Nitrofurantoin renal dose adjustment?

Y

Nitrofurantoin hepatic dose adjustment?

Y

Flagyl generic name?

Metronidazole

Metronidazole brand name(s)?

Flagyl

Metronidazole drug class?

Nitroimidazole

Metronidazole indication(s)?

Bacterial vaginosis; Trichomoniasis; Anaerobic infections

Metronidazole MOA?

reduced to unstable compounds which bind to DNA and cause strand breakage and cell death

Metronidazole adverse effects?

Nausea, diarrhea, headache, vaginitis, rare disulfiram like reactions (with alcohol ingestion)

Metronidazole renal dose adjustment?

N

Metronidazole hepatic dose adjustment?

Y

Diflucan generic name?

Fluconazole

Fluconazole brand name(s)?

Diflucan

Fluconazole drug class?

Azole antifungal

Fluconazole indication(s)?

Candida infections; Cryptococcus meningitis

Fluconazole MOA?

interferes with fungal CYP450 activity which decreases ergosterol synthesis and inhibits cell membrane formation

Fluconazole adverse effects?

N/V, headache, rare- skin rash, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation

Fluconazole renal dose adjustment?

Y

Fluconazole hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Nizoral generic name?

Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole brand name(s)?

Nizoral

Ketoconazole drug class?

Imidazole antifungal agent

Ketoconazole indication(s)?

Oral fungal infections due to Candida, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, etc.; topical tinea infections; seborrheic dermatitis; dandruff

Ketoconazole MOA?

interferes with fungal CYP450 activity which decreases ergosterol synthesis and inhibits cell membrane formation

Ketoconazole adverse effects?

N/V, headache, rare- skin rash, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation

Ketoconazole renal dose adjustment?

N

Ketoconazole hepatic dose adjustment?

Y

Tamiflu generic name?

Oseltamivir

Oseltamivir brand name(s)?

Tamiflu

Oseltamivir drug class?

Neuraminidase inhibitor (antiviral agent)

Oseltamivir indication(s)?

Influenza

Oseltamivir MOA?

a prodrug; its active form inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase, which is an enzyme that cleaves the budding viral progeny from its attachment point

Oseltamivir adverse effects?

Nausea, vomiting, rare anaphylaxid or serious skin reactions

Oseltamivir renal dose adjustment?

Y

Oseltamivir hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Valtrex generic name?

Valacyclovir

Valacyclovir brand name(s)?

Valtrex

Valacyclovir drug class?

Antiviral agent

Valacyclovir indication(s)?

Genital herpes; Shingles; Cold sores; Chickenpox

Valacyclovir MOA?

prodrug of acyclovir; inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate and incorporating into viral DNA to terminate the chain

Valacyclovir adverse effects?

N/V, headache, rash

Valacyclovir renal dose adjustment?

Y

Valacyclovir hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Zovirax generic name?

Acyclovir

Acyclovir brand name(s)?

Zovirax

Acyclovir drug class?

Antiviral agent

Acyclovir indication(s)?

Genital herpes; Shingles; Cold sores; Chickenpox

Acyclovir MOA?

inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate and incorporating into viral DNA to terminate the chain

Acyclovir adverse effects?

N/V, headache, rash

Acyclovir renal dose adjustment?

Y

Acyclovir hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Amoxil / Trimox generic name?

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin brand name(s)?

Amoxil; Trimox

Amoxicillin drug class?

Penicillin antibiotic

Amoxicillin indication(s)?

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis; Otitis media; Lower respiratory tract infections; Skin and skin structure infections; Urinary tract infection

Amoxicillin MOA?

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins which inhibits the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls

Amoxicillin adverse effects?

Diarrhea, nausea, rash

Amoxicillin renal dose adjustment?

Y

Amoxicillin hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Zosyn generic name?

Piperacillin/tazobactam

Piperacillin/tazobactam brand name(s)?

Zosyn

Piperacillin/tazobactam drug class?

Penicillin antibiotic

Piperacillin/tazobactam indication(s)?

Intra-abdominal infections; Lower respiratory tract infections; Serious or severe skin and skin structure infections

Piperacillin/tazobactam MOA?

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins which inhibits the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls/inhibits beta-lactamases that inactivate piperacillin

Piperacillin/tazobactam adverse effects?

Diarrhea, nausea, rare- C. diff infection, hematologic toxicity

Piperacillin/tazobactam renal dose adjustment?

Y

Piperacillin/tazobactam hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Augmentin generic name?

Amoxicillin/clavulanate

Amoxicillin/clavulanate brand name(s)?

Augmentin

Amoxicillin/clavulanate drug class?

Penicillin antibiotic

Amoxicillin/clavulanate indication(s)?

Otitis media; Upper respiratory tract infections; Lower respiratory tract infections; Skin and skin structure infections; Urinary tract infections

Amoxicillin/clavulanate MOA?

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins which inhibits the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls/inhibits beta-lactamases that inactivate amoxicillin

Amoxicillin/clavulanate adverse effects?

Diarrhea, nausea, rash

Amoxicillin/clavulanate renal dose adjustment?

Y

Amoxicillin/clavulanate hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Zithromax / Zmax generic name?

Azithromycin

Azithromycin brand name(s)?

Zithromax; Zmax

Azithromycin drug class?

Macrolide antibiotic

Azithromycin indication(s)?

Upper respiratory tract infections; Sexually transmitted infections; Otitis media; Pharyngitis/tonsillitis; Pelvic inflammatory disease

Azithromycin MOA?

binds to 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria which suppresses RNA-dependent protein synthesis

Azithromycin adverse effects?

N/V, diarrhea, rash- dermatologic reactions, QT prolongation

Azithromycin renal dose adjustment?

N

Azithromycin hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Vibramycin generic name?

Doxycycline

Doxycycline brand name(s)?

Vibramycin

Doxycycline drug class?

Tetracycline antibiotic

Doxycycline indication(s)?

Sexually transmitted infections; Acne; Skin and soft tissue infections; Lower respiratory tract infections; Lyme disease; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Doxycycline MOA?

binds to 30s ribosomal subunit which prevents bacterial protein synthesis

Doxycycline adverse effects?

Diarrhea, photosensitivity, discoloration of forming teeth, rare- esophageal injury, C. diff infection

Doxycycline renal dose adjustment?

N

Doxycycline hepatic dose adjustment?

N

Omnicef generic name?

Cefdinir

Cefdinir brand name(s)?

Omnicef

Cefdinir drug class?

Cephalosporin antibiotic (3rd generation)

Cefdinir indication(s)?

Upper respiratory tract infections; Lower respiratory tract infections; Pharyngitis/tonsillitis; Skin and skin structure infections; Otitis media