KINE2495 - Intro to sports injuries

Sports Medicine

A broad field of medical practices related to physical activity and sport.

Primary Care Team

Comprised of the athlete, coach, team doctor, and athletic therapist, focused on injury prevention and performance.

Athletic Therapist

A highly educated professional specializing in healthcare for the physically active, involved in injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

PICO

An acronym for Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome; used to develop clinical questions.

Professional Organizations in Athletic Therapy

Include CATA (Canadian Athletic Therapist Association), NATA (National Athletic Trainers Association), and CHASM (Canadian Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine).

Liability

The state of being legally responsible for the harm one causes to another.

Negligence

The failure to exercise reasonable care, leading to harm.

Scope of Practice

The duties and responsibilities that an athletic therapist is legally allowed to perform.

Tort Law

Legal wrongs committed against a person that can result in civil actions for compensation.

Malfeasance

Performing an action that is not legally allowed.

Misfeasance

Performing an action incorrectly that one has the legal right to do.

Gross Negligence

A total disregard for safety or standards of care.

Vicarious Negligence

Legal principle where an employer can be held responsible for an employee’s negligent actions.

Assumption of Risk

Acknowledgment by athletes of inherent risks in their sport, expressed in a written waiver.

Good Samaritan Law

Laws that protect individuals providing assistance in emergencies from liability.

Informed Consent

The process of obtaining voluntary agreement from patients after they are informed of treatment risks and benefits.

Confidentiality

The right to privacy regarding an individual's medical information.

Product Liability

Manufacturers' legal responsibility to create safe equipment and warnings for potential dangers.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations.

Pre-Participation Exam (PPE)

An evaluation to assess an athlete's health and readiness to participate in sports.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts for normal body function.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in cells.

Anabolism

The metabolic process that builds up molecules in the body.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fats derived from animal products, solid at room temperature, and associated with increased heart disease risk.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fats derived from plant sources, liquid at room temperature, and associated with health benefits.

Antioxidants

Substances that may prevent or delay damage to cells by free radicals.

Hydration

The process of maintaining adequate fluid balance in the body.

Warm-Up

Physical activity that prepares the body for exercise, increasing circulation and muscle elasticity.

Cool Down

Light activity after exercise that helps to gradually reduce heart rate and prevent soreness.

Overload Principle

The principle that in order to gain strength or endurance, increased demands need to be placed on the body.

Muscle Atrophy

The decrease in muscle mass due to disuse or lack of physical activity.

Rehabilitation

A process of medical and therapeutic intervention to restore health and function.

Inflammation

A biological response to harmful stimuli, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Acute Pain

Pain that starts suddenly and is usually sharp in quality, lasting less than three months.

Chronic Pain

Pain that persists for weeks, months, or even years.

Visceral Pain

Pain originating from the internal organs, often difficult to localize.

Somatic Pain

Pain originating from the musculoskeletal system, often easy to localize.

Nociceptors

Pain receptors that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli.

Coping Mechanisms

Strategies used by individuals to manage stress and pain.

Biomechanics

The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms.

Acute Injury

An injury that occurs suddenly during activity.

Chronic Injury

An injury that develops gradually over time.

Muscle Strain

An injury to a muscle or tendon caused by overstretching or excessive force.

Tendonitis

Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or injury.

Ligament Sprain

Injury to a ligament characterized by stretching or tearing.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints.

Fracture

A break in a bone, which can be classified as open or closed.

Osteoporosis

A condition resulting in weakened bones and increased risk of fractures.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A medical emergency seen in individuals with spinal cord injury, characterized by sudden high blood pressure.

Thermoregulation

The process by which the body maintains its core internal temperature.

Autonomic Function

Functions of the body that occur automatically, without conscious control.

Proprioception

The body’s ability to perceive its position and movement in space.

Carbohydrate Loading

A strategy used by athletes to maximize glycogen stores prior to an endurance event.

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle tissue that is under voluntary control and is responsible for body movements.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of the heart.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of hollow organs.

EMERGENCY Action Plan (EAP)

A planned response to emergencies that ensures safety during sports events.

Professional Development

Continued education and training to maintain and improve professional skills.

Clinical Evaluation

Assessment process to identify the nature and extent of an athlete's injury.

Continuity of Care

The consistent, continuous healthcare provided to a patient during recovery.

Research in Athletic Therapy

Utilizing empirical data to inform practice and improve patient outcomes.

Adaptation to Training

The physiological, psychological, and performance changes resulting from consistent training.

Recovery

The process and period of regaining health, strength, and stamina after injury or strenuous activity.

Special Populations

Groups such as youth, elderly, and disabled athletes that may have unique health and injury concerns.

Pathophysiology

The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body.

Surgical Intervention

Medical procedures performed to treat injuries or diseases requiring an operation.

Nutritional Assessment

The evaluation of dietary intake and nutritional status of an individual.

Exercise Prescription

A process for designing appropriate exercise plans tailored to an individual's health and fitness needs.

Cross-Training

Participating in various forms of exercise to improve overall fitness and minimize injury risk.

Physiological Adaptations to Exercise

Changes in the body’s systems as a result of conditioning over time.

Burnout

Physical and emotional exhaustion often resulting from excessive training or competition.

Sports Psychology

The study of the psychological aspects of sport and exercise, including performance enhancement.

Motivational Technique

Methods used to encourage individuals to engage in physical activity or rehabilitation.

Injury Prevention Strategies

Approaches to reduce the likelihood of injuries in athletes.

Warm-Up Protocols

Guidelines for effective warm-up exercises before physical activity.

Recovery Strategies

Techniques used to facilitate recovery after exercise or injury.

Assessment Tools in Athletic Therapy

Instruments and methods used to evaluate athletes' physical condition and injuries.

Health-related Fitness

Component of physical fitness that is associated with good health and wellness.

Skeletal System

The complicated structure composed of bones that supports the body.

Soft Tissue

Tissue that connects, supports, or surrounds other structures and organs, including muscles and ligaments.

Cardiovascular System

The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body.

Muscle Fiber Types

Different types of fibers in muscles including slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers.

Exercise Effects on Physiology

The impact of physical activity on bodily functions and systems.

Physical Activity Guidelines

Recommendations for the amount and types of physical activity necessary for health.

Athlete Advocacy

Actions taken to promote and protect the rights and well-being of athletes.

Sports Nutrition

A field of study focused on the role of nutrition in athletic performance.

Genetics and Athletic Performance

The influence of genetic factors on individual variations in athletic ability.

Health Equity in Sports

The principle of fairness and equity in access to resources and opportunities in sports.

Regulation of Sports

Guidelines and policies governing the practices and conduct in sports.

Ethical Considerations in Athletic Therapy

Moral principles guiding professional conduct and decision-making in the field.

Youth Sports Development

Programs and initiatives focused on promoting athletic participation and skill development for young athletes.

Physical Literacy

The ability to move with competence and confidence in a variety of physical activities.

Performance Enhancement Techniques

Methods used to improve athletic performance, including psychological and physiological strategies.

Injury Rehabilitation Protocols

Structured approaches for managing injuries and restoring function for athletes.

Collaboration within Sports Medicine

The cooperative efforts of various professionals in the health and wellness of athletes.

Sports Medicine Research

Investigative studies that explore new methods and approaches within sports health.

Exercise Physiology

The study of how physical exercise affects biological systems and overall body function.

Epidemiology in Sports Injury

The study of injury patterns and frequencies within sports populations.

Psychological Well-being in Athletes

The mental and emotional health aspects critical to athletic performance.