Lower Esophagus and Related Disorders

This set of flashcards focuses on key terms and definitions related to the esophagus and various esophageal disorders discussed in the lecture.

Reflux Testing

A method used to determine if a patient’s symptoms are due to acid reflux, often through pH monitoring.

Ambulatory 24-hour pH Monitoring

A diagnostic test where a capsule is placed in the esophagus to measure pH levels over 24 hours.

Hiatal Hernia

A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.

Volvulus

Twisting of an organ, such as the stomach, which can lead to obstruction and necrosis.

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A condition characterized by esophageal webs and iron deficiency anemia, commonly seen in middle-aged women.

Strictures

Narrowing of the esophagus caused by scarring from chronic acid reflux.

Achalasia

A disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, causing swallowing difficulties.

Pseudo-Achalasia

A condition that mimics achalasia but is caused by cancer affecting the lower esophagus.

Barrett's Esophagus

A precancerous condition in which the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

An inflammatory condition of the esophagus characterized by an elevated number of eosinophils.

PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitor)

A class of medications used to reduce stomach acid production, often used to treat GERD.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn.

Dilation

A procedure used to treat strictures in the esophagus by widening the narrowed area.

Motility Studies

Tests performed to assess the movement and function of the esophagus.

Scleroderma

An autoimmune disease that can affect esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

Esophageal Cancer

Malignant growth occurring in the esophagus; includes squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.