Employment Disparities and Job Quality

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to employment disparities, job quality, educational attainment, and the impact of globalization and technology on the labor market.

Unemployment Rates

Nonwhite workers are more likely to be unemployed or displaced than white workers.

Job Quality Factors

According to Kalleberg (2011), geographic location is NOT a primary factor determining job quality.

Educational Attainment

The rise in educational attainment for workers from 1970 to 2008 was largest for women.

Racial Disparities

Educational attainment acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between racial disparities in job quality.

Service Sector Employment

By 2011, 90% of women workers were in the service sector.

Leisure and Hospitality Earnings

The average hourly earnings of people working in leisure and hospitality was $23/hr as of 2025.

Job Trends in Leisure and Hospitality

Job openings in leisure and hospitality have substantially increased from 2015 to 2025.

Occupational Segregation

Occupational segregation impacts disparities between men and women, young and elderly workers, and between white and black workers.

Blue Collar Workers

The rise of globalization in the 1970s led to disproportionate rates of job loss for blue collar workers.

Educational Attainment and Unemployment

Educational attainment and unemployment have a negative relationship.

Job Quality Categorization

A good job includes benefits such as a premium healthcare plan and retirement fund.

OSHA and EEOC Support

Support for OSHA and the EEOC diminished in the 1980s due to reduced government intervention in the labor market.

Vulnerability to Outsourcing

Younger workers are NOT the most vulnerable age group to outsourcing and restructuring.

Job Dissatisfaction

Workers with more education are less likely to be dissatisfied with their jobs.

Occupational Segregation Mechanisms

Mechanisms of occupational segregation include spatial mismatch, socialization, licensing & credentialing, and discrimination.

Women's Labor Force Participation

Increased birth rates were NOT an explanation for women's increased labor force participation between 1950-2005.

Wage Inequality Explanations

Cultural shifts were NOT an explanation for increased wage inequality from the 1970s to 2008.

Psychological Contract

The psychological contract exchanges job security for loyalty between employers and employees.

Employment Growth Projections

The BLS projects above average growth in employment for athletes, coaches, and officials over the next decade.

Average Annual Income of Athletes

As of 2024, the average annual income of athletes and sports competitors is estimated to be about $60,000.

Social Wage Concept

The social wage refers to benefits beyond the market contract, including social support.

AI Utilization in Organizations

Marketing & Sales reported the highest projected use of AI across organizations.

Worries About AI in the Workplace

More than 50% of working adults reported being worried about the future use of AI in the workplace.

Gig Work Participation

About 10% of US workers reported that gig work is their primary source of income.