Health topic 2

Alcohol misuse physical effects

• increasing blood pressure, hypertension, leading to a stroke/ heart disease

• brain damage can occur due to accidents such as car accidents due to drinking under the influence / increased risk of accidents

• miscarriage and damage to fetus can occur as the baby can be born with fetal alcohol syndrome

Alcohol misuse emotional effects

• guilt over drinking too much and letting family members down

• isolation due to broken relationships as a result of binge drinking

• depression and increased risk of suicide

Alcohol misuse social effects

• unable to take part in social activities due to a lack of money

• may form friendships with others who abuse alcohol

• May lose contact/broken relationships with friends due to anti social behaviour

Healthy diet physical effects

• a healthy diet can boost the immune system and therefore reduce the likelihood of illness e.g cold and flus

• A healthy diet can decrease the risk of some cancers e.h limiting intake of red meats can decrease the risk of colon cancer

• Calcium and iron in the diet can reduce the risk of osteoporosis and anemia especially in women who lose a lot of iron due to menstruation

Healthy diet emotional effects

• certain foods such as chocolate release endorphins in the brain which relieves stress

• people who have healthy diets usually look good and have a positive self image as a result

• people who have healthy diets have a sense of autonomy and a positive self concept as they care about their own well being and are in control of what they are eating

healthy diet social effects

• they are more likely to take part in sports and leisure activities and therefore are more likely to socialise with people who have similar interests

• they usually feel quite energetic and confident so are more likely to be involved in social activities

• they are less likely to become i’ll and so are more able to keep up social contacts through work and leisure activities

Unhealthy diet physical effects

• may become overweight / obese- high intake of fatty and sugary foods leads to diabetes

• may develop deficiency diseases - e.g more intake or iron leading to anaemia, poor intake of vitamin d leading to rickets

• poor oral health - high intake of surgery foods leads to hun disease and dental decay

unhealthy diet emotional effect

• embarrassment- not being able to eat food in public that are healthy / compared to friends in social situations

• lack care about their own well being, leading to negative low self worth , self esteem and self confidence

• may have guilt or disappointment with themselves , especially if they are passing their own habits into their children

unhealthy diet social effects

• usually lack energy and confidence so are less likely to take part in social activities

• more likely to become ill and so may miss a lot of opportunes for spending time with family and friends and work colleagues

• may be excluded form social circles that eat in healthier restaurants if the food is not to their liking - may miss meetings with friends

Exercise physical effects

• helps strengthen muscles / joints and bones

• helps protect against heart disease and bowel cancer, helps the heart and lungs works more efficiently

• improves circulation

exercise emotional effects

• helps relieve stress

• enhances your mood and gives a general feeling of well being / good factor

• reduces feelings of depression

exercise social effects

• may enable individuals to develop social skills such as team working, sharing and cooperation

• may enable individuals to form new friendships

• may provide opportunities for individuals to widen their social circle

lack of physical activity physical effect

• increased risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension)

• risk of developing colon and breast cancer

• may suffer from sleep problems / insomnia

lack of physical activity emotional effects

• lack of exercise leads to a poor self image and low self esteem caused by weight gain

• increase levels of stress as they aren’t getting the stress relieving benefits that provide in physical activity’s

• higher chance of developing depression and anxiety as excerise helps reduce and prevent these as chemicals are released in the brain which help improve mood and reduce stress

lack of physical activity social effects

• limit opportunes for individuals a to widen their social circle

• limit individuals oppurtunity to develop social skills

• may be isolated and decline opportunities to spend time with friends due to low self esteem

illegal drug use physical effects

• addiction

• vomiting, nausea , blackouts

• hallucinations

• increased risk of accidents

illegal drug use emotional effects

• guilt about usage of drugs and actions during intoxication, leads to a low self esteem

• lead to reduced emotional control, suffers from dramatic mood swings and negative feelings

• mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and paranoia

illegal drug use social effects

• difficulties in family and may experience loneliness and isolation as a result

• financial problems due to expense of drugs , leading to no money for social activities

• work record and level of performance may drop and the user may become unemployed, losing contact with work colleagues

smoking physical effects

• give individuals smokers cough and other respiratory problems such as bronchitis and copd

• smoking can negatively affect an individuals sense of smell and taste due to nerve damage

• smoking increases the risk of getting cancer, especially lung, throat and mouth cancer

smoking emotional effect

• smokers feel that it helps calm them down and release endorphins , relieves stress and helps them to concentrate

• smoking is an addiction an a strain on psychological well being when people try to quit . they may feel tense and irritable

• feelings of guilt and low self esteem due to knowing it’s bad for their health

smoking social effects

• very expensive , so they may have less money to socialise in other ways e.g outings with friends

• some regard it as an activity e.g smoking areas outside restaurants

• smoking can make breath and clothes smell, making it off putting to other people in social situations

environmental factors

• pollution

• geographical location

• occupational hazards