Vet Pharm- Antibiotics

Penicillins

Gram (+) & Gram (-)

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

Penicillin G

Clavamox

Cephalosporin Medications

mostly Gram (+)

Convenia, Cephalexin

Cefazolin, Clavamox;

Injection and must be reconstituted;

Aminoglycoside Medications

genatmincin

amikacin

neomycin

trobramycin

Fluroquinolone Medication

Enrofloxacin (Baytril)

Tetracyclines

Doxycycline

Used to help treat kennel cough

Lincosamides

Lincomycin (lethal to horses)

Clindamycin (Antirobe)

Bacteriostatic or cidal; used for deep wound infections, bone infections and periodontal disease

Macrolide

erythromycin

azithromycin

Used for URI's - especially in cats; normally a reconstituted or compounded solution; bacteriostatic

Bacitracins

NBP w/ or w/out HC;

eye ointment

topical, skin

Antifungal drugs

Fluconazole

Ketaconazole;

yeast infections, especially for skin

Antiprotozoa drugs

metronidazole (Flagyl)

Giardia tx, also used for Colitis

Antiparasitic

sulfadimethoxine (Albon)

Coccidia tx

Convenia

Cephalosporin; injection that lasts 14 days

Cefazolin

Cephalosporin, injection that needs to reconstituted; mostly given IV or IM

Cephalexin

Capsules, used mostly for skin infections; Cephalosporin

Simplicef

Orange or Red Tablets; small animal; used for a wide range of infections; Cephalosporin

Penicillin G

Large animals injectable; giving orally is too risky bc stomach acid breaks down med

Amoxicillin

small animal; reconstitutes into a pink liquid but also available in capsule form

Ampicillin

small animal injectable; used for Lepto tx

Gram negative bacteria

dye is not absorbed by cell wall; pink in color

Gram positive bacteria

dye is absorbed into cell wall; purple in color

Broad Spectrum

Antibiotic that kills and inhibits the microorganism

Emperic Treatment

AB treatment that is used against a wide range of microorganism

Bacteriostatic

inhibits growth; used only on healthy animals with adequate immune systems

Bacteriocidal

kills bacteria; normally AB's cause side effects

Penicillin Reaction

hives, swelling

Clavamox

Penicillin with clavulanic acid; reconstitutes with 14 ml of sterile water; PO; also comes as tablets

Cephalosporin Reaction

diarrhea/vomiting

Rodents

NEVER GIVE PENICILLINS

Culture

sterile sample collected to grow the bacteria responsible for the infection

MIC

Sensitivity testing performed to find which antibiotic has the lowest concentration to kill the cultured bacteria

Hydrophillic Antibiotics

Does not penetrate the brain; Cephalosporins and Penicillin; not a drug of choice for bacterial infections of the CNS

Lipophilic Antibiotics

Penetrates the brain

Absorption of Penicillin

injection sites and orally via the GI tract are best ways to give this AB

Pen G Absorption

don't give orally d/t gastric acid inactivating AB

Empty stomach

Penicillin should be given without food

Ceph- , Cef-

root word of the meds in the Cephalosporin category

Generations

how Cephalosporins are categorized depending on their make and biological formation

1st generation Cephalosporins

effective against gram positive bacteria; absorbed well in the GI tract; Cephalexin

3rd generation Cephalosporins

injectable; effective against gram positive and negative bacteria

Nephrotoxicosis

kidney damage; Aminoglycocides may cause this

aerobic bacteria

require oxygen to live; aminoglycocides are highly effective against this bacteria; AB will kill tuberculosis, anthrax bacteria

anaerobic bacteria

doesn't require oxygen to live; E.Coli; Staph

Aminoglycocides

treats gram neg bacteria; nephrotoxicosis and ototoxicity may occur; must ensure ear drum is intact before administering meds; hydrophillic medication

Ophthalmic Ointments

Gentamicin, Neomycin, Tobramycin = Aminoglycocides

Baytril

Fluoroquinolone; dogs and cats including rodents; effective against gram negative and positive bacteria;

treats: skin, respiratory, UTI;

Do not give to puppies or horses- causes malformation with cartilage and bone

Puppies & Horses

DO NOT GIVE ENROFLOXACIN (Baytril)

Malformation of Cartilage/Bone

Enrofloxacin causes this, do not give to growing dogs and horses of any age

Residue

leftover antibiotic, chemicals and other medications in food animals when being slaughtered; law states a specific withdrawal period is required

Withdrawal Time

period of days, or weeks, to stop administering food animals certain medications including antibiotics; prevention of residue in our food animals

Flora

normal bacteria of the body