week 3 psyc reading notes (sept 23)

Nature vs. Nurture

The debate on whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) plays a more significant role in shaping human behavior and traits.

Behavioral Genetics

The science of how genes and environment work together to influence behaviors.

Heritability Coefficient

A measure that quantifies the genetic influence on a trait, ranging from 0 to 1.

Adoption Study

A research method used to analyze the influence of genetics and environment on behavior by studying adopted individuals.

Epigenetics

The process by which environmental factors modify DNA and those changes can be passed to offspring.

Natural Selection

The process through which traits that enhance survival and reproductive success become more common in successive generations.

Sexual Selection Theory

The evolution of traits that enhance mating success, often involving physical characteristics or behaviors.

Intrasex Competition

Competition among members of the same sex for mating opportunities.

Intersex Selection

The process in which one sex selects mates based on specific traits in the opposite sex.

Psychological Adaptations

Mechanisms in the mind that evolved to solve problems related to survival and reproduction.

Visual Descent Illusion

The tendency to overestimate distances when looking down from heights, reflecting an adaptive response.

DNA Methylation

The addition of a methyl group to DNA, affecting gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Histone Acetylation

Modification of histones that is associated with gene activation and increased gene expression.

Gene-Environment Interaction

The interplay between genetics and environmental influences in shaping traits and behaviors.

Cost Asymmetries

Situations where the perceived costs and benefits of a decision differ significantly, affecting choice behavior.

Error Management Theory (EMT)

The theory that humans evolve to make decisions in uncertain situations that minimize potential errors.

Rett Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, affecting cognitive function and motor skills.

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RTS)

A genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CBP gene, leading to cognitive dysfunction and learning deficits.

Quantitative Genetics

The field of study that uses statistical methods to analyze the similarities and differences in genetic and environmental contributions to traits.